Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780618974122
Author: Andrei Straumanis
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 3CTQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether the proposed statement by the student about the bond shown below as triple bond should be explained with appropriate argument.

  Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry, Chapter 3, Problem 3CTQ , additional homework tip  1

Concept introduction: Two or more of orbitals undergo redistributions of their different energies so as to form mathematically averaged orbitals in terms of energy. This phenomenon is referred as hybridization.

A single bond has one σ bond, double bond has one σ bond along with one π bond while triple bond has two π bonds in addition to one σ bond.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of electrons present in a triple bond and in one representation shown below should be indicated.

  Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry, Chapter 3, Problem 3CTQ , additional homework tip  2

Concept introduction: Two or more of orbitals undergo redistributions of their different energies so as to form mathematically averaged orbitals in terms of energy. This phenomenon is referred as hybridization.

A single bond has one σ bond, double bond has one σ bond along with one π bond while triple bond has two π bonds in addition to one σ bond.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Misconception that might have led to bond identified as triple bond by the student should be known.

Concept introduction: The 2 types of overlapping are as follows:

1. Head-on overlapping (sigma bond)

  Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry, Chapter 3, Problem 3CTQ , additional homework tip  3

2. Sideway overlapping (pi bond)

  Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry, Chapter 3, Problem 3CTQ , additional homework tip  4

A single bond has one σ bond, double bond has one σ bond along with one π bond while triple bond has two π bonds in addition to one σ bond.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The space that could be used to add another p bond so as to generate a triple bond should be determined.

Concept introduction: Two or more of orbitals undergo redistributions of their different energies so as to form mathematically averaged orbitals in terms of energy although they may differ in shape and orientation. This phenomenon is referred as hybridization.

The energy and orientation of the new hybrid orbital depend upon by the kind and number of orbitals used in the hybridization. The new hybrid orbitals are always equal in number to number of atomic orbitals that combine.

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1. Consider the 1st and 2nd ionization energies of the element Potassium. a. Which of the two ionization energies will be larger? The 1st or 2nd? b. Discuss the number of valence electrons that Potassium has, as well as provide a definition of ionization energy. 2. Consider the carbon dioxide molecule, which is composed of carbon and oxygen. a. Is this molecule polar or non-polar? b. Explain your answer to Part A in terms of molecular geometry of the molecule (draw the Lewis Structure). c. Explain your answer to Part A in terms of electronegativity and the dipole moments found within the carbon dioxide molecule.
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