Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134320533
Author: Michael S. Mamlouk, John P. Zaniewski
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 3.1QP
What is the chemical composition of steel? What is the effect of carbon on the
Expert Solution & Answer
To determine
Describe the chemical composition of steel and the effect of carbon on the mechanical properties of steel.
Explanation of Solution
Chemical Composition of Steel:
Steel is a compound made up of carbon, iron and other elements. Due to its low cost and high strength, it can be used in construction of building, tools, ships, automobile and machines etc. The element of iron is the base metal of steel. Carbon is the major element or a hardening element that exists in the composition of steel.
Other elements like manganese, aluminum, chromium, copper, phosphorus and sulfur, silicon and vanadium etc. are also present in smaller quantities inside the steel.
When the carbon content steel is enhanced to about 0.85 percentage, then the strength and hardness will be increased proportionally. The hardness and tensile strength of steel improves with additional carbon content. In addition, brittle behaviour of steel will be augmented with carbon content.
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Part 3: Problem-Solving. Solve the following problems. Show all calculations.
1. A retaining wall 5.80m high supports soil that has the following properties:
Unit weight = 17.3 kN/m³
Angle of internal friction = 26 deg.
Cohesion = 14.5 kPa
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b) Find the location of the tensile crack measured from the surface of horizontal backfill.
c) Determine the active pressure acting on the wall in tensile crack occurs in the soil.
2. The soil material is supported by a retaining wall to a height of 6m. The unit weight of the soil is
16 kN/m³ and the angle of internal friction is 29 deg. Assume the soil is cohesionless.
a) Determine the earth pressure on the wall.
b) Find the total active pressure if surcharge of 14 kPa is applied on the surface of
horizontal backfill.
c) Locate the position of the total pressure from the bottom.
Question 3 (20 points): The traffic volume on a 2-lane highway is 1600 veh/hr in each direction
Page 3 of 6
with a density of 20 veh/mi. A large dump truck enters the traffic stream from an adjacent
construction site at 20 mph and carries on this way for 2 miles before turning off to the dump
site. Because flow is so high in the opposite direction, no one can pass the truck. As a result,
traffic back up behind the truck at four times the density (i.e., 4x20 = 80 veh/mi) at a volume of
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highway?
How can construction project managers find a balance between speeding up schedules and the risks of making more mistakes and needing rework, especially when using methods like fast tracking?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers (4th Edition)
Ch. 3 - What is the chemical composition of steel? What is...Ch. 3 - Why does the ironcarbon phase diagram go only to...Ch. 3 - Draw a simple ironcarbon phase diagram showing the...Ch. 3 - What is the typical maximum percent of carbon in...Ch. 3 - Calculate the amounts and compositions of phases...Ch. 3 - Briefly discuss four heat treatment methods to...Ch. 3 - Define alloy steels. Explain why alloys are added...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.8QPCh. 3 - Specifically state the shape and size of the...Ch. 3 - What are the typical uses of structural steel?
Ch. 3 - What is the range of thicknesses of cold-formed...Ch. 3 - Why is coil steel used for cold-formed steel...Ch. 3 - If a steel with a 33 ksi yield strength is used...Ch. 3 - Why is reinforcing steel used in concrete? Discuss...Ch. 3 - What is high-performance steel? State two HPS...Ch. 3 - Name three mechanical tests used to measure...Ch. 3 - The following laboratory tests are performed on...Ch. 3 - Sketch the stress-strain behavior of steel, and...Ch. 3 - Three steel bars with a diameter of 25 mm and...Ch. 3 - Three steel bars with a diameter of 0.5 in. and...Ch. 3 - Draw a typical stressstrain relationship for steel...Ch. 3 - Getting measurements from Figure 3.18, determine...Ch. 3 - A steel specimen is tested in tension. The...Ch. 3 - A steel specimen is tested in tension. The...Ch. 3 - A No. 10 steel rebar is tested in tension. By...Ch. 3 - A mild steel specimen originally 300 mm long is...Ch. 3 - A tension stress of 70 ksi was applied on a 12-in....Ch. 3 - A tensile stress is applied along the long axis of...Ch. 3 - A cylindrical steel alloy rod with a 0.5 in....Ch. 3 - A round steel alloy bar with a diameter of 0.75...Ch. 3 - A 19-mm reinforcing steel bar and a gauge length...Ch. 3 - Testing a round steel alloy bar with a diameter of...Ch. 3 - During the tension test on a steel rod within the...Ch. 3 - A grade 36 round steel bar with a diameter of 0.5...Ch. 3 - A high-yield-strength alloy steel bar with a...Ch. 3 - Estimate the cross-sectional area of a 350S125-27...Ch. 3 - An ASTM A615 grade 60 number 10 rebar with a gauge...Ch. 3 - A 32-mm rebar with a gauge length of 200 mm was...Ch. 3 - A steel pipe having a length of 3 ft. an outside...Ch. 3 - A steel pipe having a length of 1 m, an outside...Ch. 3 - A drill rod with a diameter of 10 mm is made of...Ch. 3 - A drill rod with, a diameter of 1/2 in. is made of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.43QPCh. 3 - An engineering technician performed a tension test...Ch. 3 - A Charpy V Notch (CVN) test was performed on a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.46QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.47QPCh. 3 - How can the flaws in steel and welds be detected?...Ch. 3 - Determine the welding zone classification of A36...Ch. 3 - Briefly define steel corrosion. What are the four...Ch. 3 - Discuss the main methods used to protect steel...
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