Chapter 29, Problem 19A

To determine

To Explain: Whether the objects submerged in water seems to be shallower or deeper than they are.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction: 

In the water, the objects will usually seem to be at a different distance than they actually are.

This is due to the light refraction in different media. 

Explanation: 

The light ray is refracted when a human eye looks into the object under the water. In this case, the light is refracted from water into the air. It changes its direction so that the actual position/distance/depth will not appear.

Under water, the light ray reflected from the object at the surface of the water but travels away from the fish in a straight line. This effect creates the virtual image and appears at the shallower depth. 

Conclusion: 

The object appears at shallower depth when the person looks from the bank of the pond/river due to refraction.