Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134015187
Author: John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 28, Problem 28.70AP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
One example for the drug which can act as an agonist and one example for the drug which can act as an antagonist for the acetylcholine have to be listed.
Concept Introduction:
Drugs: Drugs are molecules which are taken from an external source to change the normal functioning of the body. The action of drug is in molecular level and the design of many drugs are in such a way that it mimics a particular neurotransmitter or hormone. Drugs bind with receptors showing an increased or decreased effect.
There are two types of drugs and they are agonist and antagonist.
Examples for agonist are black widow spider and nicotine whereas examples for antagonist are tubocurarine, atropine
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Give 2 examples of drugs which target neurotransmitter release or reuptake.(expect from cocaine and Prozac). Explain the mechanisms of action.
A patient has been exposed to the organophosphate pesticide malathion,which inactivates acetylcholinesterase. Which of the following symptoms would you predict: blurring of vision, excess tear formation, frequent or involuntary urination, pallor (pale skin), muscle twitching, orcramps? Would atropine be an effective drug to treat the symptoms?(See Clinical Impact 16.2 for the action of atropine.) Explain.
Correct the following false statement:
"Any cell that has the acetylcholine receptor will have the same response as any other cell that also has the acetylcholine receptor when exposed to acetylcholine".
Explain why this statement is false.
Chapter 28 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 28.1 - While thinking about how a messenger molecule and...Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 28.2PCh. 28.2 - Prob. 28.3PCh. 28.2 - Prob. 28.4PCh. 28.3 - Prob. 28.5PCh. 28.3 - Prob. 28.6KCPCh. 28.4 - Prob. 28.7PCh. 28.4 - Look at the structure of thyroxine shown earlier...Ch. 28.4 - Prob. 28.1CIAPCh. 28.4 - Prob. 28.2CIAP
Ch. 28.4 - Prob. 28.9PCh. 28.5 - Prob. 25.10PCh. 28.6 - Prob. 28.11PCh. 28.6 - Prob. 28.12PCh. 28.6 - Prob. 28.13KCPCh. 28.7 - Identify the functional groups present in THC. Is...Ch. 28.7 - Prob. 28.15KCPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.16UKCCh. 28 - Prob. 28.17UKCCh. 28 - Prob. 28.18UKCCh. 28 - Prob. 28.19UKCCh. 28 - Prob. 28.20UKCCh. 28 - Prob. 28.21UKCCh. 28 - Prob. 28.22APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.23APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.24APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.25APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.26APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.27APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.28APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.29APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.30APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.31APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.32APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.34APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.35APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.36APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.37APCh. 28 - How does epinephrine reach its target tissues?Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.39APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.40APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.41APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.42APCh. 28 - What enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis of the second...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.44APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.45APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.46APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.47APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.48APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.49APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.50APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.51APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.52APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.53APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.54APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.55APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.56APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.57APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.58APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.59APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.60APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.62APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.63APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.64APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.65APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.66APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.67APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.68APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.69APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.70APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.71APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.72APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.73APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.74APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.75APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.76APCh. 28 - Why do we have brain receptors that respond to...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.78APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.79APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.80APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.81APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.82APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.83CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.84CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.85CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.86CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.87CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.88CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.89CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.90CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.91CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.92CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.93CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.94GPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.95GP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Sarin is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Draw a mechanism that shows this.arrow_forwardBriefly describe the proposed mechanism of CNS depression by benzodiazepines. Give examples of most commonly used benzodiazepines. What side effects or clinical problems have to be monitored?arrow_forwardThe endogenous ligand for an ion channel causes the influx of 50 Na+ ions per second. This ion channel has constitutive activity of 10 Na+ ions per second. If drug A binds to the ion channel and causes the influx of 50 Na+ ions per second, which of the following categories best describes drug A? Group of answer choices full agonist antagonist partial agonist inverse agonistarrow_forward
- Fentanyl is an opioid similar to morphine, except, according to the CDC, it is up to 50 times stronger than heroin and 100 times stronger than morphine. Discuss the effects of fentanyl on specific receptors and how the transmission of action potentials is altered. Be sure to focus only on how the action potential transmission is impacted by the drug. Be sure to provide an APA citation.arrow_forwardExplain in detail Muscarinic receptors in regards to the hisamine agonist. How do they cause smooth muscle contraction. Provide mechanismarrow_forwardUnder anesthesia, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can be given in combination with blockade of muscarinic receptors. Explain the purpose of the two treatments.arrow_forward
- A nerve conduction velocity test measures nerve conduction velocity. In this test, an electrical stimulus is applied to a peripheral nerve and the length of time it takes for the corresponding muscle to contract is measured. Because the length of the nerve from stimulus point to muscle and the time it takes for the muscle to contract are both known, NCV can be calculated. This test result is helpful in distinguishing between different types of pathologies. For example, a patient with muscle weakness is being tested by a physician. There are three possible sources of the weakness: Disease of the muscle itself such as muscular dystrophy. In this condition, normal muscle tissue is replaced by adipose tissue and the muscle becomes incapable of contraction. Disease at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) such as myasthenia gravis. This condition is described in the Skeletal Muscle Histology exercise and results from damage to the acetylcholine receptors on the muscle end plate. Disease…arrow_forwardThe therapeutic effect of Aricept (generic donepezil) is due toA: binding of the drug to voltage-gated sodium channels.C: the drug producing an IPSP on the postsynaptic membrane.D: the drug causing the reuptake of acetylcholine at the synapse.E: the drug maintaining higher concentrations of acetylcholine at synapsearrow_forwardList the effects of sympathoadrenal stimulation on different effector organs. In each case, indicate whether the effect is due to alpha- or beta-receptor stimulation.arrow_forward
- Select All statements that are TRUE regarding the effects of administering a molecule that is a precursor for the synthesis of a neurotransmitter A. Temporarily compensate for neuron cell death by increased release of the neurotransmitter (ex. L-dopa used as treatment for Parkinson’s disease) B. Increase the rate of synthesis of that neurotransmitter C. Block the reuptake of the neurotransmitter back into the axon terminal D. Immediately alter then number of postsynaptic receptors E. Act as an indirect antagonist by activating autoreceptorsarrow_forwardPropose reagents for the conversion of (B) to (C).arrow_forwardOrganophosphate poisoning is a result of excess acetylcholine at different nerves and receptors in the body because acetylcholinesterase is blocked. Please provide rational to explain how the binding of organophosphate with serine in the acetylcholinesterase enzyme leads to excess accumulation of acetylcholine.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Basic Clinical Lab Competencies for Respiratory C...NursingISBN:9781285244662Author:WhitePublisher:Cengage
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Basic Clinical Lab Competencies for Respiratory C...
Nursing
ISBN:9781285244662
Author:White
Publisher:Cengage