Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 25, Problem 16RQ
Aquaporin channels are only found in the collecting duct.
- true
- false
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One model of the glomerular membrane is a microporous membrane in which right cylindrical pores penetrate all the way through the membrane. Assume that the pores have a length of 50 nm and a radius of 3.5 nm. The viscosity of plasma is 0.002 Pa s. The average hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus is 60 mm Hg, hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space is 20 mm Hg and the average oncotic pressure of glomerular capillary blood is 28 mm Hg. A. Calculate the flow through a single pore assuming laminar flow (use the Poiseuille flow equation) B. How many pores would there have to be to produce a normal GFR? C. If the total aggregate area of the kidneys for filtration is 1.5 m2, what is the density of the pores (number of pores per unit area)? D. What fraction of the area is present as pores?
Why is this statement false? Without the renal medullar osmotic gradient, you would not be able to raise the concentration of urine above 1200 mOsm
Is this statement true or false? Why?
The collecting ducts are impermeable to water when ADH is present.
Thank you!!
Chapter 25 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 25 - Diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus would most...Ch. 25 - The color of urine is determined mainly by...Ch. 25 - Production of less than 50 mL/day of urine is...Ch. 25 - Peristaltic contractions occur in the ________....Ch. 25 - Somatic motor neurons must be ________ to relax...Ch. 25 - Which pan of the urinaiy system is not completely...Ch. 25 - The renal pyramids are separated from each other...Ch. 25 - The primary structure found within the medulla is...Ch. 25 - The right kidney is slightly lower because...Ch. 25 - Blood filtrate is captured in the lumen of the...
Ch. 25 - What are the names of the capillaries following...Ch. 25 - The functional unit of the kidney is called...Ch. 25 - ________ pressure must be greater on the capillary...Ch. 25 - Production of urine to modify plasma makeup is the...Ch. 25 - Systemic blood pressure must stay above 60 so that...Ch. 25 - Aquaporin channels are only found in the...Ch. 25 - Most absorption and secretion occurs in this part...Ch. 25 - The fine tuning of water recovery or disposal...Ch. 25 - Vasodilation of blood vessels to the kidneys is...Ch. 25 - When blood pressure increases, blood vessels...Ch. 25 - Which of these three paracrine chemicals cause...Ch. 25 - What hormone directly opposes the actions of...Ch. 25 - Which of these is a vasoconstrictor? nitric oxide...Ch. 25 - What signal causes the heart to secrete atrial...Ch. 25 - Which of these beverages does not have a diuretic...Ch. 25 - Progesterone can bind to receptors for which...Ch. 25 - Renin is released in response to ________....Ch. 25 - Which step in vitamin D production does the kidney...Ch. 25 - Which hormone does the kidney produce that...Ch. 25 - If there were no aquaporin channels in the...Ch. 25 - What is suggested by the presence of white blood...Ch. 25 - Both diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus...Ch. 25 - Why are females more likely to contract bladder...Ch. 25 - Describe how forceful urination is accomplished.Ch. 25 - What anatomical structures provide protection to...Ch. 25 - How does the renal poital system differ from the...Ch. 25 - Name the structures found in the renal hilum.Ch. 25 - Which structures make up the renal corpuscle?Ch. 25 - What are the major structures comprising the...Ch. 25 - Give the formula for net filtration pressure.Ch. 25 - Name at least five symptoms of kidney failure.Ch. 25 - Which vessels and what pail of the nephron are...Ch. 25 - Give the approximate osmolarity of fluid in the...Ch. 25 - Explain what happens to Na+ concentration in the...Ch. 25 - If you want the kidney to excrete more Na+ in the...Ch. 25 - What organs produce which hormones or enzymes in...Ch. 25 - PTH affects absorption and reabsorption of what?Ch. 25 - Why is ADH also called vasopressin?Ch. 25 - How can glucose be a diuretic?Ch. 25 - How does lack of protein in the blood cause edema?Ch. 25 - Which three electrolytes are most closely...
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- In glomeruli, the efferent arteriole is usually smaller than the afferent? True Falsearrow_forwardIf the tubular fluid/plasma creatinine concentration ratio in the collecting duct is 100, what is the approximate percentage of the filtered water that remains at that point? Group of answer choices 0% 1% 100% 10%arrow_forwardNearly all renal diseases result in hypertension. In fact, some clinicians have a 'rule' that states "unexplained hypertension is always a result of a problem with the kidneys until proven otherwise". Briefly explain why hypertension occurs in renal disease.arrow_forward
- Blood in renal efferent arterioles is compared to systemic arterial blood. hypertonic hypotonic isotonicarrow_forwardWater reabsorption at the collecting duct is under hormonal control while descending limb of loop of henle is not true falsearrow_forwardthe major difference between plasma and interstitial fluid is the absence of plasma proteins from the interstitial. explain how this affects solute distrbution and what kind of correction you would do it if you were measuring solute concentrationarrow_forward
- In the lumen of the nephron, a weak base is reabsorbed if the pH is high A-True B-Falsearrow_forwardWhy would the differential renal vein renin test show an increase in the blocked renal artery side secretion of renin, yet a drop in renin levels on the other (normal) side?arrow_forwardUrine dilution by the loop of Henle is dependent on the length of the loop, being more diluted, the longer the loop. True or falsearrow_forward
- Renal tubules cannot reabsorb HCO3–; yet HCO3–concentration in the tubular fluid falls while in the blood plasma itrises. Explain this apparent contradiction.arrow_forwardMany blood pressure medications block the reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts. How would this affect using output and concentration.arrow_forwardExplain how the collecting duct uses the concentration gradient set up by the loop of Henle.arrow_forward
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