Chapter 23, Problem 7PS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of structural isomers and geometrical isomers possible for compounds having ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{10}}$ has to be determined. The possible isomer is whether chiral has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Isomersim: Compounds having same molecular formula but exhibit different structures called isomers.This phenomenon is known as isomersim

Structural Isomerism: Structural Isomers are the structures of a molecule with same molecular formula but have different arrangements of bonds, atoms and position of double bond also changes from more substituted to less substituted or vice-versa.

Geometrical Isomerism: Compounds have same molecular formula, but differ by the arrangement of groups with respect to the double bond. This type of isomerism in case of alkenes is known as cis-trans isomerism. When two same group or have similar priority present opposite side of double bond then isomer is known as trans isomer, and if both are present same side of the double bond then isomer is called as cis isomer

A chiral carbon is the carbon atom which is substituted to four different groups. Due to presence of chiral carbon a molecule become chiral and it gives optical isomers also that is $R\text{ and }S$ isomers. For example,

  

All the substituents are different hence is is a chiral carbon and so molecule.