Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 23, Problem 4P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
How is it possible to find 14C labels on newly synthesized glucose that were originally labeled in acetates.
Introduction:
14C isotopic labeling is used to track the passage of an isotope through a reaction,
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Sources of Glucose during Starvation. The typical human adult uses about 160 g of glucose per day, 120 g of which is used by the brain. The available reserve of glucose (~20 g of circulating glucose and ~190 g of glycogen) is adequate for about one day. After the reserve has been depleted during starvation, how would the body obtain more glucose?
disease. As such, a frontline treatment for Type 2 diabetes is the drug metformin, which acts indirectly
to inhibit gluconeogenesis in the liver. You are a research biochemist who would like to develop new
drugs that act to directly inhibit gluconeogenesis. You have just gained access to a library of thousands
of small molecules of unknown activity, and you would like to identify lead compounds that have specific
inhibitory activity against steps in the gluconeogenesis pathway.
(a)
into PEP in order to screen for inhibitors of enzymes specific to gluconeogenesis. Which enzymes do
you need to purify, what cofactors and allosteric effectors do they require, and which reactants do you
need to add to reconstitute the reactions for the first bypass? Which intermediates and products are
generated?
Your first approach is to reconstitute the initial set of bypass reactions that convert pyruvate
(b)
vitro reconstitution?
What additional steps and enzymes are required in liver cells but are…
- Keto counterparts. Name the a-ketoacida-ketoacid that is formed by
the transamination of each of the following amino acids: Co,
a. Alanine
b. Leucine
c. Aspartate
d. Phenylalanine
e. Glutamate
f. Tyrosine
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 23 - Prob. 1PCh. 23 - Determining the Amount of ATP Produced from Fatty...Ch. 23 - Prob. 3PCh. 23 - Examining the Labeling of Glucose from 14C.labeled...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5PCh. 23 - Prob. 6PCh. 23 - Prob. 7PCh. 23 - Prob. 8PCh. 23 - Prob. 9PCh. 23 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 23 - Prob. 11PCh. 23 - Understanding Human Energy Consumption During...Ch. 23 - Prob. 13PCh. 23 - Prob. 14PCh. 23 - Prob. 15PCh. 23 - Extending the Mechanism of Methylmalonyl-CoA...Ch. 23 - Prob. 17PCh. 23 - Prob. 18PCh. 23 - Prob. 19PCh. 23 - Understanding a Ubiquitous Series of Metabolic...Ch. 23 - Using the ActiveModel for enoyl-CoA dehydratase,...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- NH3 gala. S Co A C H₂ R-C S CH₂ HN ĐÌNH ΝΗ CH₂ CH₂ NH 3. Compare and contrast how thiolase and chymotrypsin creates and stabilizes its intermediates.arrow_forwardNH2 Part A N- N. Which of the following is found in the coenzyme FAD? 'N Check all that apply. V two heterocyclic rings O ADP OH HO OH O a substituted benzene ring O a phosphate anhydride bond Submit Previous Answers Request Answer X Incorrect; Try Again; 6 attempts remaining NH Provide Feedbackarrow_forwardThe conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in the glycolytic pathway (Choose all that apply) O positions a carbonyl group on carbon 2 of fructose-1-phosphate O positions an amino group NH2 on carbon 3 of fructose-1-phosphate O positions a carbonyl group on carbon 3 of fructose-1-phosphate O is an aldose-keto isomerization O positions a primary alcohol function at carbon C-1 that facilitates phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate O is a keto-aldose isomerization O positions an amino group NH2 on carbon 2 of fructose-1-phosphatearrow_forward
- Starch and Cellulose. Which one can be hydrolyzed by you and most mammals? Why? Also, discuss the reason for Why the other polysaccharide (name - which one) cannot be digested by most mammals and you. Can you think of some species that are able to digest it? How?arrow_forwardFill in the Blanks. Supply the missing enzyme (E), pathway (P) or intermediate (I) by typing the 3-LETTER LABEL ONLY (e.g., ABA only and not ABA. Glycolysis) on the blanks provided ( glucose $12. E 11.E glucose-1-P glucose-6-P 1.1 6-phosphogluconate 10. E ribose-5-phosphate 1 2. P POOL OF CHOICES: ABA. glycolysis ACA. gluconeogenesis AGA. glycogenolysis ADA. glycogen synthesis AJA. TCA cycle AEA. beta-oxidation AFA. fatty acid synthesis AHA. TAG synthesis AZA. nucleotide synthesis AXA. fermentation AKA. pentose phosphate pathway ALA. pyruvate AMA. H₂O ANA. acetyl CoA AQA. mevalonate ASA. CO₂ ATA. beta-hydroxybutyrate AWA. oxaloacetate BAB. GTP SAB. 6-phosphogluconolactone axaloacetate lactate 6.1 1/20₂ 9. P oxaloacetate Mitochondria NADH, FADH₂ NAD+, FAD ADP, P ATP phosphoenolpyruvate 8.1 acety CoA 7. P NAD+, FAD succinate citrate alpha-ketoglutarate steroids 5.1 palmitoyl CoA 4.1 3. P malonyl CoA citrate Dracticar Acety CoA HMG-CoA ↓ acetoacetate CAB. pyruvate dehydrogenase complex…arrow_forwardNo animal can digest cellulose. Reconcile this statement with the fact that many animals ate herbivores that depend heavily on a cellulose as a food sources.arrow_forward
- Long explanations are not needed. Direct answers would suffice. a. The penultimate carbon in an aldohexose is C-5 which is the last chiral carbon in the structure counting from the aldehydic carbon or C-1. I. True II. False b. Starch is a storage carbohydrate in plants while glycogen is a storage carbohydrate in animals. I. True II. Falsearrow_forwardIs this correct? Thanks.arrow_forwardEnergetic of Fructose-1 ,6-bis P Hydrolysis (Integrates with Chapter 3.) The standard free energy change (G) for hydrolysis of fructose-1. 6-bisphosphate (FBP) to fructose-S-phosphate (F-6-P) and P: is -16.7 KJ/mol: FBP + H2O fructose-6-P + Pi The standard free energy change (G) for ATP hydrolysis is -30.5 KJ/mol: ATP + H2O ADP + Pj What is the standard free energy change for the phosphofructokinase reaction: ATP + fructose-6-P ADP + FBP b. What is the equilibrium constant for this reaction? c. Assuming the intracellular concentrations of [ATP] and (ADP] are maintained constant at 4 mM and 1.6 mM, respectively, in a rat liver cell, what will be the ratio of [FBP]/[fructose-6-P] when the phosphofructokinase reaction reaches equilibrium?arrow_forward
- Biosynthesis of fatty acid 20:D6 from acetyl-CoA occurs in the __________ of mammalian cells. Cytosol Endoplasmic reticulum Both A and B Neither A nor B Assuming all three carbon atoms of glycerol are labeled as C14 radioisotopes and the radioisotope-labeled glycerol undergoes metabolism in animals. All of the following molecules in the animal maycontain C14 radioisotopes EXCEPT: Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Glutamine Fatty acids Oxaloacetate All of the above molecules may contain C14 radioisotopearrow_forwardGlycolysis After digestion of carbohydrates, glucose enters the cell membrane and into the cytoplasm, glycolysis takes place where glucose-6-phosphate (a 6C-molecule) is split into two 3C molecules of gly-3-P, producing 2 pyruvates. The two pyruvates are then converted to two acetyl-CoA and enter the mitochondria where the citric acid occurs. 1. What reactions are involved in the so called, energy-investing reactions? What chemical compound is needed to initiate the reaction? 2. Cite the steps in the glycolysis pathway where these energy-investing reactions occur. 3. The conversion from glu-6-P to fru-6-P involves isomerization, why? 4. What stages in the glycolysis pathway are considered energy harvesting reactions? What are the products of these reactions that will prove its energy yield? 5. The conversion from gly3-P to 1,3-diP uses NAD+ and a dehydrogenase enzyme. What is the role of NAD+? What reactions therefore are involved in these conversions? 6. The conversion…arrow_forwardGlycolysis After digestion of carbohydrates, glucose enters the cell membrane and into the cytoplasm, glycolysis takes place where glucose-6-phosphate (a 6C-molecule) is split into two 3C molecules of gly-3-P, producing 2 pyruvates. The two pyruvates are then converted to two acetyl-CoA and enter the mitochondria where the citric acid occurs. 1.The conversion from glu-6-P to fru-6-P involves isomerization, why? Please answerarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Anaerobic Respiration; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDC29iBxb3w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY