The structures of the two different γ − lactones produced by lactonization of D-glucaric acid are to be determined. Concept introduction: 舧 A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen-oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 舧 HNO 3 is an oxidizing agent. 舧 Carbohydrates are oxidized by HNO 3 to give aldaric acid as a product. 舧 Aldaric acids are carbohydrates having two carboxylic acids. They are formed due to oxidation reaction of aldoses with dilute HNO 3 and their general reaction can be represented as: 舧 Biomolecules containing an ester group ( − O C O ) as part of their ring structures are called lactones . They are derived from their respective hydroxycarboxylic acids. Formation of lactones is called lactonization . They mainly exist as λ and δ forms. 舧 Aldaric acids (obtained from oxidation of aldohexoses) produces lactones of the same order that is as: 舧 The reaction in which there is removal of water molecule is called dehydration reaction.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 22, Problem 8PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures of the two different γ−lactones produced by lactonization of D-glucaric acid are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

舧 A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen-oxygen atom ratio of 2:1

舧 HNO3 is an oxidizing agent.

舧 Carbohydrates are oxidized by HNO3 to give aldaric acid as a product.

舧 Aldaric acids are carbohydrates having two carboxylic acids. They are formed due to oxidation reaction of aldoses with dilute HNO3 and their general reaction can be represented as:

舧 Biomolecules containing an ester group (−OCO) as part of their ring structures are called lactones. They are derived from their respective hydroxycarboxylic acids. Formation of lactones is called lactonization. They mainly exist as λ and δ forms.

舧 Aldaric acids (obtained from oxidation of aldohexoses) produces lactones of the same order that is as:

舧 The reaction in which there is removal of water molecule is called dehydration reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

You are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: xi 1. ☑ 2. H₂O хе i Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. There is no reagent that will make this synthesis work without complications. : ☐ S ☐

Predict the major products of this organic reaction: H OH 1. LiAlH4 2. H₂O ? Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. G C टे

For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C-C bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. NH2 CI MgCl ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No MgBr ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No G टे

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 22, Problem 8PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures of the two different γ−lactones produced by lactonization of D-glucaric acid are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

舧 A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen-oxygen atom ratio of 2:1

舧 HNO3 is an oxidizing agent.

舧 Carbohydrates are oxidized by HNO3 to give aldaric acid as a product.

舧 Aldaric acids are carbohydrates having two carboxylic acids. They are formed due to oxidation reaction of aldoses with dilute HNO3 and their general reaction can be represented as:

舧 Biomolecules containing an ester group (−OCO) as part of their ring structures are called lactones. They are derived from their respective hydroxycarboxylic acids. Formation of lactones is called lactonization. They mainly exist as λ and δ forms.

舧 Aldaric acids (obtained from oxidation of aldohexoses) produces lactones of the same order that is as:

舧 The reaction in which there is removal of water molecule is called dehydration reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 22, Problem 8PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures of the two different γ−lactones produced by lactonization of D-glucaric acid are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

舧 A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen-oxygen atom ratio of 2:1

舧 HNO3 is an oxidizing agent.

舧 Carbohydrates are oxidized by HNO3 to give aldaric acid as a product.

舧 Aldaric acids are carbohydrates having two carboxylic acids. They are formed due to oxidation reaction of aldoses with dilute HNO3 and their general reaction can be represented as:

舧 Biomolecules containing an ester group (−OCO) as part of their ring structures are called lactones. They are derived from their respective hydroxycarboxylic acids. Formation of lactones is called lactonization. They mainly exist as λ and δ forms.

舧 Aldaric acids (obtained from oxidation of aldohexoses) produces lactones of the same order that is as:

舧 The reaction in which there is removal of water molecule is called dehydration reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 22, Problem 8PP

Interpretation Introduction