Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134015187
Author: John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 22.70CP
Look at the glycolysis pathway (Figure 22.3). With what type of reactions are kinase enzymes usually associated?
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BCR-ABL is a kinase. A kinase is a type of enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from one molecule to another. What are the substrates for the reaction that BCR-ABL catalyzes? Select all that are true.a- Substrate protein
b- BCR-ABL
c-ATP
d- None of the listed molecules here
Kinases catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphate donor such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to a substrate. A well‑known kinase is hexokinase. Hexokinase catalyzes the first step of the glycolysis cycle, and converts glucose to glucose‑6‑phosphate.
The reaction of glucose with ATP is shown. The enzyme‑bound base is abbreviated as :B−, and ATP is abbreviated as a diphosphate bonded to adenosine monophosphate (AMP).
Kinases catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphate donor such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to a substrate. A well‑known kinase is hexokinase. Hexokinase catalyzes the first step of the glycolysis cycle, and converts glucose to glucose‑6‑phosphate.
The reaction of glucose with ATP is shown. The enzyme‑bound base is abbreviated as :B−, and ATP is abbreviated as a diphosphate bonded to adenosine monophosphate (AMP).
The first arrow of the reaction mechanism is drawn for you; draw the remaining curved arrows to show how phosphorylation occurs.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 22.1PCh. 22.2 - Prob. 22.2PCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.3PCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.4PCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.5PCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.6KCPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.1CIAPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.2CIAPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.3CIAPCh. 22.4 - Explain the chemical process that leads to...
Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 22.5CIAPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.7PCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.8PCh. 22.5 - In alcoholic fermentation, each mole of pyruvate...Ch. 22.5 - Name three ways humans have exploited the ability...Ch. 22.5 - Pyruvate has three different fates. What are the...Ch. 22.6 - Prob. 22.12PCh. 22.6 - Prob. 22.13PCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.14PCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.15PCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.16KCPCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.6CIAPCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.7CIAPCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.8CIAPCh. 22.8 - Prob. 22.17PCh. 22.8 - Prob. 22.18PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.19PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.20PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.21PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.9CIAPCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.10CIAPCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.11CIAPCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.12CIAPCh. 22 - What class of enzymes catalyzes the majority of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.23UKCCh. 22 - Prob. 22.24UKCCh. 22 - Prob. 22.25UKCCh. 22 - Classify each enzyme of glycolysis into one of the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.27UKCCh. 22 - Name the molecules used for gluconeogenesis. What...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.31APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.32APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.33APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.34APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.35APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.36APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.37APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.38APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.39APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.40APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.41APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.42APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.43APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.44APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.45APCh. 22 - Review the 10 steps in glycolysis (Figure 22.3)...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.47APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.49APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.50APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.51APCh. 22 - How many moles of acetyl-CoA are produced by the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.53APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.54APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.55APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.56APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.57APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.58APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.59APCh. 22 - Why does glycogenolysis use fewer steps than the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.61APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.62APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.63APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.64APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.65APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.66APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.67APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.68APCh. 22 - Why can pyruvate cross the mitochondrial membrane...Ch. 22 - Look at the glycolysis pathway (Figure 22.3). With...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.71CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.72CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.74CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.75CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.76CPCh. 22 - Why is it important for the cell that the NADH...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.78CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.79CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.80CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.81CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.82GPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.83GPCh. 22 - It is important to avoid air when making wine, so...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.85GP
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- Several of the enzymes of glycolysis fall into classes that often occurs in metabolism. Describe ONLY ONE reaction types are catalzed by each of the following. Kinasesarrow_forwardMatch the following molecules with their functions. Molecules CAMP Protein kinase A Glycogen phosphorylase Phosphoglucomutase Functions Converts glucose 1-P to glucose 6-P Phosphorylates a substrate using an inorganic phosphate Second messenger that can activate downstream proteins Phosphorylates a protein using ATParrow_forwardAnaerobic glycolysis of glucose potentially produces a fewer number of ATPs per glucose moleculein red blood cells than in muscle cells, because -Red blood cells contain bisphosphoglycerate mutase -Red blood cells lack phosphoglycerate kinase -Red blood cells do not have mitochondria -Red blood cells do not have a nucleus Which of the following is likely to be correct if all mutases are completely inhibited? -Removal of glucosyl residues from nonreducing ends of glycogen in the liver is compromised;therefore, release of free glucose into blood from the liver would decrease -Glycerol can be efficiently converted into glucose but cannot be efficiently converted into glucosylresidues in glycogen in the liver -Both A and B -Neither A nor Barrow_forward
- What type of enzyme is responsible for initiating the process of glycolysis? O Hydrolase O Phosphorylase O Kinase O Phosphatasearrow_forwardYou have the following pathway: If an isolated liver cell runs out of glucose, the cell will break down glycogen into Glucose-1-Phosphate (Glucose-1-P). The isolated liver cell will then use the enzyme phosphoglucomutase to convert Glucose-1-P to Glucose-6-P, which can enter glycolysis. If you remove all glucose and add a drug that inhibits phosphoglucomutase, which molecule will most likely accumulate in this system? A. Glucose B. Glucose 1 phosphate C. Glucose 6 phosphate D. Lactate E. CO2arrow_forwardThe three irriversible reactions in glycosis is : Hexoknase, PFK-1 and Pryvate kinases. they are all enzymes, why these three enzymes are irriversible? the explaination below is not very understandble. "Hexokinase: This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. This reaction consumes ATP and traps glucose inside the cell by converting it into a charged and phosphorylated form. Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1): This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. This reaction is the committed step of glycolysis, and it is also the main regulatory point of the pathway. PFK-1 is allosterically inhibited by ATP and citrate and activated by AMP and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. Pyruvate kinase: This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate, producing ATP. This reaction is the last step of glycolysis and is also highly regulated. Pyruvate kinase is allosterically activated by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate…arrow_forward
- Is glycogen phosphorylase a kinase? No, because it does not use ATP to transfer a phosphoryl group to its substrate. Yes, because it transfers a phosphate group to its substrate. No, because it is activated by a kinase. Yes, because it adds a phosphate group to a protein to activate it.arrow_forwardOne condition is ketoacidosis (low blood pH) which is a potentially life-threatening state, most commonly experienced by diabetics. Ketoacidosis, however, is not typically an issue for healthy people who are following a ketogenic diet. What is the difference between ketoacidosis and ketosis? Why do diabetics sometimes develop ketoacidosis, while healthy people rarely do? Healthy people are well equipped to survive on a ketogenic diet. Why is it important that humans evolved to have the ability to survive without carbohydrate nutrients?arrow_forwardPTGS1 and PTGS2 are isozymes. Isozymes catalyze the same reaction, but are separate genes. What types of reactions to PTGS enzymes catalyze? Also, what pathway are these enzymes a part of?arrow_forward
- If sucrase breaks down sucrose and a mystery sugar inhibits sucrase from breaking down sucrose allowing sucrose to mobilize in the body, what kind of inhibition is the mystery sugar? i.e. uncompetitive, competitive, non-competitivearrow_forwardWhat is the function of these enzymes? Kinase Isomerase Dehydrogenase Adolase Mutate Enolasearrow_forwardA drug inhibits the activity of the enzymatic inorganic pyrophosphatase. What effect would the drug have on DNA synthesis?explainarrow_forward
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