Interpretation:
The chemical investments which are made to get glycolysis started. What happens in the middle of the pathway to generated two-3-carbon compounds and what are the outcomes of the reactions of these 3-carbon compounds should be given.
Concept Introduction:
Glycolysis: This is the
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Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
- How many steps in gluconeogenesis are not the exact reversal of the steps in glycolysis? What kind of conversion of substrate to product does each involve? What is the common theme in each of these reactions?arrow_forwardOf the 36 molecules of ATP produced by the complete metabolism of glucose, how many are produced directly in glycolysis alone, that is, before the common pathway?arrow_forwardIdentify the following as a characteristic of one or more following process: glycolysis, glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis. 1. Glucose 6-phosphate is the initial reactant 2. Glucose is the final product 3. Glucose 6-phosphate is produced in the first step 4. UTP is involved in the process 5. ADP is converted to ATP in this processarrow_forward
- Indicate at what step in the glycolysis pathway each of the following events occur 1. First phosphorylation of ADP occurs 2. First “energy rich” compound is produced 3. Second “energy rich” compound undergoes reaction 4. First isomerization reaction occurs 5. Second formation of ATP occurs 6. Second “energy rich” compound is produced 7. ATP is converted to ADP for the second time 8. A dehydration reaction occursarrow_forward4.1 What are the various pathways by which glucose is utilized? 4.2 State the biomedical importance of glycolysis? 4.3 State the irreversible steps in glycolysis? 4.4 State THREE differences between hexokinase and glucokinase ? 4.5 What is glycolysis? What are the rate limiting enzymes of glycolysis?arrow_forwardWhat are the substrate and products of the pathway glycolysis?arrow_forward
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- Draw OUT THE arrow pushing reaction mechanism for the following steps of glycolysis: SHOW/IDENTIFY the arrow pushing mechanism in at least 2 steps. CH,OPO CH,OH hexokinase 2+ H H H H H H ОН + ATP OH H ADP + H+ H ОН + НО HO OH H ОН H ОН Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) Glucosearrow_forwardGluconeogenesis involves the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. The organs most active from the perspective of gluconeogenesis are the liver and the kidney, which supply glucose to the organs that cannot synthesize it, yet have a strict need for glucose as an energy source. Gluconeogenesis requires several equilibrium steps of glycolysis to run in the reverse direction. What are the reactants and products when GAPDH runs in the direction of gluconeogenesis Glycolysis as a ten-step pathway from glucose to pyruvate is Favourable. Is gluconeogenesis favourable under standard conditions (ie. is the ΔGo’ for the pathway negative)? c. What is true about the thermodynamics of the regulated steps in glycolysis. Compare ΔG and ΔGo’ for those steps in both directions.arrow_forwardThe following nutrient molecule is digested and transported to a cell where it undergoes further catabolism: HO HO он OH HO- OH OH OH In the table below, list the important products of the complete glycolysis of this molecule. • In the first column of the table, write the chemical formula, name, or standard biochemical symbol for a product molecule. In the second column, write the total number of these molecules produced. Add Row • Only list the important products, including (1) molecules with any of the carbon atoms originally in the molecule above, (2) energy storage molecules (like ATP), and (3) any newly oxidized or reduced coenzymes. • List each product molecule on a separate row. You can add more rows to the table if you need them. • Be sure you write the number of product molecules formed by the complete glycolysis of the molecule above. • If the molecules does not undergo glycolysis at all, check the box under the table and leave the table blank. product (name, chemical…arrow_forward
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