Concept explainers
Interpretation:
In which enzyme act as catalyst in glycolysis process has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Glycolysis: This is one of biochemical pathway that breakdown a molecules of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate for producing some energy.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and has two major phases.
- Energy investment phase
- Energy payoff phase
Glycolysis: This is the
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Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
- The degradation of pyruvate differs, depending on the ‘situation’.(a). What are these ‘situations’ with respect to pyruvate metabolism.(b). Give the equations of the ‘fermentative pathway’ of pyruvate in:* Mammals* Yeast and some bacteria(c). Explain briefly the making of bread.Note: For no (c). please give the equations from pyruvate, NOT from glucose.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a correct ranking of molecules with respect to their energy value in glycolysis (note: >means “greater than”)? (a) two pyruvates > one glucose (b) one glucose > one fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (c) twoglyceraldehyde-3-phosphates (G3P) > one glucose (d) two pyruvates > one fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (e) two pyruvates > two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphates (G3P)arrow_forwardPyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, a severe condition with a poor prognosis, results in neurological dysfunction and unremitting lactic acidosis. One treatment is placing the patients on a low carbohydrate/high fat diet. ( a) Explain why the deficiency would be characterized by neurological dysfunction. ( b) Why does lactic acidosis result? ( c) Explain the rationale for the low carbohydrate/high fat diet.arrow_forward
- What yield of ATP can be expected from complete oxidation of each of the following substrates by the reactionsof glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation?(a) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate(b) Glucose(c) Phosphoenolpyruvate(d) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(e) NADH(f) Pyruvatearrow_forwardPyruvate is metabolized involving a multienzyme complex, pyruvatedehydrogenase complex (PDC).(a). What are the main products of PDC reactions?(b). Name two products that inhibit PDC reactions and give the reasons.arrow_forwardTomorrow morning, you decide to sprint a quick mile before breakfast. Which enzymes will be actively metabolizing fuel in your myocytes during the sprint? Choose ALL that apply. (A) acetyl CoA carboxylase 1(B) fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase (C) glycogen phosphorylase(D) HMG-CoA reductase(E) a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (F) lactate dehydrogenase(G) mitochondrial b-ketothiolase (H) phosphofructokinase 1arrow_forward
- The fatty acid 5,8-cis-pentadecanoic acid (CH3-(CH3)5-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)3-COOH) is subjected to B-oxidation. (a) Indicate the steps involved in its oxidation to acetyl-CoA and/or other products (NADH, FADH2, etc.). (b) What are the products (and quantities) of its complete oxidation (acetyl-CoA, N ADH, FADH2, etc.)? Be sure that you make clear the source of these products.arrow_forwardThe glycerol derived from lipolysis of triacylglycerols is converted into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, which then enters into step 6 of the glycolysis pathway. What further transformations are necessary to convert glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate into pyruvate?arrow_forwardThe conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is the only oxidative reaction of glycolysis. True or false?arrow_forward
- If α-ketoglutarate is removed from TCA cycle and used to make glutamate, how many of each of the cofactors (not intermediates) and high energy molecules in the TCA cycle are lost? How much ATP does this equate to (NADH = 2.5 ATP, FADH2 = 1.5 ATP)?arrow_forwardOnly the one question displayed is neededarrow_forwardAlthough both hexokinase and phosphofructokinase catalyze irreversible steps in glycolysis and the hexokinase-catalyzed step is first, phosphofructokinase is nonetheless the pacemaker of glycolysis. What does this information tell you about the fate of the glucose 6-phosphate formed by hexokinase? Glucose 6-phosphate must be unstable and release its phosphoryl group over time. Glucose 6-phosphate must be utilized by other metabolic pathways. Glucose 6-phosphate must allosterically inhibit phosphofructokinase, but not hexokinase. Glucose 6-phosphate must be wasted when it is produced in excess.arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning