(a)
Interpretation:
How many moles of ATP are produced by phosphorylation in glycolysis of 1 mole of glucose should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Glycolysis: This is the metabolic process that serves as the foundation for both aerobic and anaerobic
(b)
Interpretation:
How many moles of ATP are produced by phosphorylation in aerobic conversion 1 mole of pyruvate to 1 mole of acetyl-CoA, should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Anaerobic conditions: This process is any organisms that does not require oxygen for growth, it react negatively or even die if free oxygen is present.
This process used for industrial or domestic process to manage waste or to product fuels.
(c)
Interpretation:
It should be determined that how many moles of ATP are produced by phosphorylation in catabolism of 1 mole acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle.
Concept Introduction:
Catabolism: This is part of the
Metabolism: This process refers to biochemical process that occur any living organism including humans to maintain life.
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Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
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- The fatty acid 5,8-cis-pentadecanoic acid (CH3-(CH3)5-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)3-COOH) is subjected to B-oxidation. (a) Indicate the steps involved in its oxidation to acetyl-CoA and/or other products (NADH, FADH2, etc.). (b) What are the products (and quantities) of its complete oxidation (acetyl-CoA, N ADH, FADH2, etc.)? Be sure that you make clear the source of these products.arrow_forwardHow much ATP is produced from the complete B-Oxidation of myristic acid (C14H2802)? Activation of Fatty Acid ACCOA x (10 ATP/ACCOA) FADH₂ x (1.5 ATP/FADH₂) = NADH x (2.5 ATP/NADH) : = = -2 ATP ATP ATP ATP TOTAL ATP C18 CH, (CH₂)₁4-CH₂-CH₂-C-S-COA || FAD →FADH₂ CH₂(CH₂)₁4-CH=CH-C-S-CoA Each loop of the pathway represents a repetition of Steps 1-4. H₂O OH CH₂(CH₂)₁4-CH-CH₂-C-S-CoA || - NAD+ →→NADH+ H 0 CH3-(CH₂) 14 C-CH₂-C-S-CoA 0 || C16 CH₂(CH₂)14-C-S-CoA COA-SH Acyl CoA trans-Enoyl COA L-B-Hydroxyacyl CoA B-Ketoacyl COA H₁-C-S- + CH₂-C-S-CoA Acetyl CoA New acyl COA C₁4+ Acetyl CoA C12+ Acetyl CoA CO+ Acetyl CoA Cg+ Acetyl CoA C + Acetyl COA C₁ + Acetyl COA 2 Acetyl COAarrow_forwardGlycerol backbone of a fat molecule can be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an intermediate in glycolysis. Assuming that the single glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate undergoes complete oxidation to CO₂, how many ATPs are produced by oxidative phosphorylation only (i.e. exclude ATPs from substrate level phosphorylation) from a single fat molecule? O 20 O 18 O 17 O 15 08arrow_forward
- How many ATP molecules are generated from one complete metabolism of one molecule of maltose assuming all electrons of cytosolic NADH are transferred through the dihydroxyacetone phosphate/glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle?arrow_forwardThe citric acid cycle converts each acetyl-CoA to [1/2/3/4] molecules of CO2. This pathway is considered [catabolic/anabolic] because it breaks down acetyl-CoA into smaller molecules and [catabolic/anabolic] because the intermediates are building blocks for other metabolites in the cell. The citric acid cycle produces [1/2/3] NADH and [1/2/3] FADH2 for every acetyl-CoA consumed. help fill in the blanksarrow_forwardThe CO2 produced in one round of the citric acid cycle does not originate in the acetyl carbons that entered that round. (a) How many rounds are required before 14CO2 is released if acetyl-CoA is labeled at its methyl group? (b) If acetyl-CoA is labeled with 14C at its carbonyl carbon, how many rounds of the cycle are required before 14CO2 is released?arrow_forward
- Place the following list of reactions or relevant locations in the β oxidation of fatty acids in the proper order. (a) Reaction with carnitine (b) Fatty acid in the cytoplasm (c) Activation of fatty acid by joining to CoA (d) Hydration (e) NAD+ -linked oxidation (f) Thiolysis (g) Acyl CoA in mitochondrion (h) FAD-linked oxidation.arrow_forwardHow many molecules of acetyl-CoA are produced by catabolism of the following fatty acids, and how many b oxidations are needed?(a) Palmitic acid, CH3(CH2)14COOH(b) Lignoceric acid, CH3(CH2)22COOHarrow_forwardHow many molecules of ATP are released in the overall catabolism of glycerol to acetyl-CoA? How many molecules of ATP are released in the complete catabolism of glycerol to CO2 and H2O? (Hint: Combine pathways ofglycerol to DHAP with glycolysis from DHAP to pyruvate and pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Remember to account for any NADH and FADH2 produced.)arrow_forward
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