The test for the presence of glucose with an aldehyde group is given to be found only in the open chain form but not in the cyclic form. This phenomenon is to be explained. Concept introduction: Carbohydrates are naturally occurring organic compounds. As the name implies carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon and have general formula of C X ( H 2 O ) Y . Basically, carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehyde and ketones , for examples, glucose and fructose. Glucose is a reducing sugar as it has an aldehyde group and its presence is detected by Tollen’s, Benedicts or Fehlings test. To determine: An explanation corresponding to the fact that the test for the presence of glucose with an aldehyde group is found only in the open chain form but not in the cyclic form.

Question

For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new CC bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. ? NH2 MgBr Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? ○ Yes ○ No MgBr ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? O Yes O No Click and drag to start drawing a structure. :☐ G x c olo Ar HE

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 98E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The test for the presence of glucose with an aldehyde group is given to be found only in the open chain form but not in the cyclic form. This phenomenon is to be explained.

Concept introduction: Carbohydrates are naturally occurring organic compounds. As the name implies carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon and have general formula of CX(H2O)Y . Basically, carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehyde and ketones, for examples, glucose and fructose. Glucose is a reducing sugar as it has an aldehyde group and its presence is detected by Tollen’s, Benedicts or Fehlings test.

To determine: An explanation corresponding to the fact that the test for the presence of glucose with an aldehyde group is found only in the open chain form but not in the cyclic form.

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For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new CC bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. ? NH2 MgBr Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? ○ Yes ○ No MgBr ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? O Yes O No Click and drag to start drawing a structure. :☐ G x c olo Ar HE

Predicting As the lead product manager at OrganometALEKS Industries, you are trying to decide if the following reaction will make a molecule with a new C - C bond as its major product: H₂N O H 1. ? 2. H3O+ If this reaction will work, draw the major organic product or products you would expect in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. 0 If the major products of this reaction won't have a new CC bond, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. فا Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure.

Highlight the chirality (or stereogenic) center(s) in the given compound. A compound may have one or more stereogenic centers. OH OH OH OH OH OH

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 98E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The test for the presence of glucose with an aldehyde group is given to be found only in the open chain form but not in the cyclic form. This phenomenon is to be explained.

Concept introduction: Carbohydrates are naturally occurring organic compounds. As the name implies carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon and have general formula of CX(H2O)Y . Basically, carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehyde and ketones, for examples, glucose and fructose. Glucose is a reducing sugar as it has an aldehyde group and its presence is detected by Tollen’s, Benedicts or Fehlings test.

To determine: An explanation corresponding to the fact that the test for the presence of glucose with an aldehyde group is found only in the open chain form but not in the cyclic form.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 98E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The test for the presence of glucose with an aldehyde group is given to be found only in the open chain form but not in the cyclic form. This phenomenon is to be explained.

Concept introduction: Carbohydrates are naturally occurring organic compounds. As the name implies carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon and have general formula of CX(H2O)Y . Basically, carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehyde and ketones, for examples, glucose and fructose. Glucose is a reducing sugar as it has an aldehyde group and its presence is detected by Tollen’s, Benedicts or Fehlings test.

To determine: An explanation corresponding to the fact that the test for the presence of glucose with an aldehyde group is found only in the open chain form but not in the cyclic form.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 98E

Interpretation Introduction