EBK CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS FIRST APPROACH
EBK CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS FIRST APPROACH
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780100552234
Author: ZUMDAHL
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 21, Problem 159IP

 (a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The percent by mass of M in (CH3CH2)MBr is to be calculated. The hybridization of the starred carbon atom in the given figure changed from reactants to products is to be stated. Also, the product is to be named.

Concept introduction: Grignard reagent is an organometallic compound which is prepared by treating magnesium or metal atom with a strong acid. The Grignard reaction is defined as an organometallic reaction in which the vinyl, alkyl and aryl-metal halides were added to a carbonyl carbon atom and form an aldehyde or ketone.

To determine: The percent by mass of M in (CH3CH2)MBr.

 (a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 159IP

The mass percent of M in (CH3CH2)MBr is 37.5%.

Explanation of Solution

Given

Electronic configuration of M+2 is [Ar]3d10.

So, atomic number of M is 30.

In periodic table atomic number is found to be of the element Zinc.

The molar mass of Zinc is 65.39 g/mol.

The molar mass of compound (CH3CH2)MBr is calculated by using the molar masses of 2 carbon, 5 hydrogen, 1 Zinc (M) and 1 Bromine.

The molar mass of carbon is 12g/mol.

The molar mass of hydrogen is 1g/mol.

The molar mass of Zinc is 65.39 g/mol.

The molar mass of Bromine is 79.96 g/mol.

The molar mass of compound (CH3CH2)MBr is calculated as,

Molar mass of CH3CH2MBr=12×1+1×3+12×1+1×2+65.39×1+174.35×1=12+3+12+2+65.39+174.35=174.35 g/mol.

Therefore the total molar mass of compound (CH3CH2)MBr is 174.35 g/mol.

The mass percent of M in (CH3CH2)MBr is calculated by the formula,

percent by mass of M in CH3CH2MBr=(Molar mass of MTotal Molar mass of compound)×100.

Substitute the value of the molar mass of M and total molar mass of compound, to calculate percent by mass of M in (CH3CH2)MBr in the above equation.

percent by mass of M in CH3CH2MBr=(Molar mass of MTotal Molar mass of compound)×100=(65.39 g/mol174.35 g/mol)×100=37.5%_

Therefore, the mass percent of M in (CH3CH2)MBr is 37.5%_.

Conclusion

The mass percent of M in (CH3CH2)MBr is 37.5%_.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The percent by mass of M in (CH3CH2)MBr is to be calculated. The hybridization of the starred carbon atom in the given figure changed from reactants to products is to be stated. Also, the product is to be named.

Concept introduction: Grignard reagent is an organometallic compound which is prepared by treating magnesium or metal atom with a strong acid. The Grignard reaction is defined as an organometallic reaction in which the vinyl, alkyl and aryl-metal halides were added to a carbonyl carbon atom and form an aldehyde or ketone.

To determine: The hybridization of the starred carbon atom in the given figure changed from reactants to products.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 159IP

The hybridization of the starred carbon atom shown in Figure 1 is changed from sp2 carbon to sp3 carbon.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is,

EBK CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS FIRST APPROACH, Chapter 21, Problem 159IP , additional homework tip  1

Figure 1

In the given reaction the reactant contains carbonyl group having double bonded oxygen atom hence, the hybridization of the starred carbon in the reactant is sp2. After reacting the given reactant withy Grignard reagent the carbonyl group is converted into an alcoholic group in which the carbon atom is single bonded with oxygen atom. Hence, the hybridization of the starred carbon in product is sp3. Therefore, the hybridization of starred carbon atom is changed from sp2 carbon to sp3 carbon.

Conclusion

The hybridization of the starred carbon atom shown in Figure 1 is changed from sp2 carbon to sp3 carbon.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The percent by mass of M in (CH3CH2)MBr is to be calculated. The hybridization of the starred carbon atom in the given figure changed from reactants to products is to be stated. Also, the product is to be named.

Concept introduction: Grignard reagent is an organometallic compound which is prepared by treating magnesium or metal atom with a strong acid. The Grignard reaction is defined as an organometallic reaction in which the vinyl, alkyl and aryl-metal halides were added to a carbonyl carbon atom and form an aldehyde or ketone.

To determine: The systematic name of the product.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 159IP

The systematic name of the product is 3,4-dimethyl-3-hexanol.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is,

EBK CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS FIRST APPROACH, Chapter 21, Problem 159IP , additional homework tip  2

Figure 2

The longest carbon chain contains six carbon atoms numbered from the nearest functional group with an alcohol group present on third carbon. Hence, the root name of the compound is hexanol. It also contains two methyl groups present on third and fourth carbon atom respectively. Hence, the name of the compound is 3,4-dimethyl-3-hexanol.

Conclusion

The systematic name of the product shown in Figure 2 is 3,4-dimethyl-3-hexanol.

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Chapter 21 Solutions

EBK CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS FIRST APPROACH

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