Chapter 21, Problem 40A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The term Saponification and a general equation for the saponification of triglycerides needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Saponification: this is the process of manufacturing the soaps. In this process, the fatty acid as a triglyceride reacts with a strong base. The reaction produces glycerol and fatty acid salts. The strong base is maybe sodium or potassium hydroxide.

Answer to Problem 40A

The hydrolysis of triglycerides in the presence of a strong base is used to make the ionic product such as soap and is called saponification. The ionic product of the saponification reaction is more commonly called soap.

The general equation for saponification of the triglycerides is given as -

  

Explanation of Solution

When the triglycerides are hydrolyzed in the presence of a base, it is known as the saponification process.

The triglycerides contain ester groups that hydrolyze with a strong base and form ionic products and glycerol. The general equation for the saponification is given as-

  

Conclusion

The fats in the form of triglycerides hydrolyze in the presence of a base and the whole process is known as saponification. The products of saponification are glycerol and ionic compound termed as soap.

Thus, the ionic products of the saponification reactions are commonly called soaps.