Chapter 21, Problem 21.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete reaction corresponding to the incomplete reaction, ${\text{PhCH}}_{\text{2}}\text{C}\equiv \text{N}\underset{\text{heat}}{\overset{\begin{array}{l}\text{Raney}\text{Ni}\\ \left(\text{catalyst}\right)\end{array}}{\to }}$ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which hydrogen molecule is used in the presence of nickel as a catalyst to reduce an organic compound is known as hydrogenation reaction. Hydrogenation is basically used to add the pair of hydrogen atoms to an alkene.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete reaction corresponding to the given incomplete reaction, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reduction of an amine or nitrile in the presence of a hydride like ${\text{LiAlH}}_4$ and ${\text{NaBH}}_4$ forms the corresponding amide. Among ${\text{LiAlH}}_4$ and ${\text{NaBH}}_4$, ${\text{LiAlH}}_4$ is mostly preferred for the reduction of amines or nitriles because it is strong reducing agent.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The complete reaction corresponding to the given incomplete reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reduction of an ester group in the presence of a hydride like ${\text{LiAlH}}_4$ and ${\text{NaBH}}_4$ forms the corresponding alcohols. Among ${\text{LiAlH}}_4$ and ${\text{NaBH}}_4$, ${\text{LiAlH}}_4$ is mostly preferred for the reduction of amines, ester or nitriles because it is strong reducing agent.