The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes. Concept Introduction: When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives. Benzene derivative with one substituent: IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach. Benzene derivative with two substituents: When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are, Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2 Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3 Para- means disubstitution in 1,4 When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1. Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents: More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Question

9. OA. Rank the expected boiling points of the compounds shown below from highest to lowest. Place your answer appropriately in the box. Only the answer in the box will be graded. (3) points) OH OH بر بد بدید 2 3

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.107EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

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9. OA. Rank the expected boiling points of the compounds shown below from highest to lowest. Place your answer appropriately in the box. Only the answer in the box will be graded. (3) points) OH OH بر بد بدید 2 3

There is an instrument in Johnson 334 that measures total-reflectance x-ray fluorescence (TXRF) to do elemental analysis (i.e., determine what elements are present in a sample). A researcher is preparing a to measure calcium content in a series of well water samples by TXRF with an internal standard of vanadium (atomic symbol: V). She has prepared a series of standard solutions to ensure a linear instrument response over the expected Ca concentration range of 40-80 ppm. The concentrations of Ca and V (ppm) and the instrument response (peak area, arbitrary units) are shown below. Also included is a sample spectrum. Equation 1 describes the response factor, K, relating the analyte signal (SA) and the standard signal (SIS) to their respective concentrations (CA and CIS). Ca, ppm V, ppm SCa, arb. units SV, arb. units 20.0 10.0 14375.11 14261.02 40.0 10.0 36182.15 17997.10 60.0 10.0 39275.74 12988.01 80.0 10.0 57530.75 14268.54 100.0…

A mixture of 0.568 M H₂O, 0.438 M Cl₂O, and 0.710 M HClO are enclosed in a vessel at 25 °C. H₂O(g) + C₁₂O(g) = 2 HOCl(g) K = 0.0900 at 25°C с Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of each gas at 25 °C. [H₂O]= [C₁₂O]= [HOCI]= M Σ M

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.107EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.107EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.107EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

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Answer 5

Chapter 2, Problem 2.107EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 6

Chapter 2, Problem 2.107EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 7

Chapter 2, Problem 2.107EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 3QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains the IUPAC name for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

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