![Organic Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305080485/9781305080485_largeCoverImage.gif)
Concept explainers
Interpretation:
To give the number of hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon atom in the substance given, and to write its molecular formula.
Concept introduction:
In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH3; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH2; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula can be obtained by counting the number of atoms of different elements present in the molecule.
To determine:
The number of hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon atom in the substance given and to write its molecular formula.
Interpretation:
To give the number of hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon atom in the substances given, and to write the molecular formula.
Concept introduction:
In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH3; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH2; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula can be obtained by counting the number of atoms of different elements present in the molecule.
To determine:
The number of hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon atom in the substance given, and to write its molecular formula.
Interpretation:
To give the number of hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon atom in the substance given, and to write its molecular formula.
Concept introduction:
In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH3; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH2; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula can be obtained by counting the number of atoms of different elements present in the molecule.
To determine:
The number of hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon atom in the substance given, and to write its molecular formula.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Consider CH4 and H2O. What is the relationship between the valence electrons in C and O, and the number of hydrogens in the compound ?arrow_forwardWrite the structural formulas of 4 compounds with the formula C3H6Oarrow_forward(11) Try Again Your answer is incorrect. • BP: The name of this compound is not "boron phosphide". Be sure you know the correct names of all elements in this compound. Check the Periodic Table if necessary. • C3S2: Your answer is incorrect. Fill in the systematic names of the following chemical compounds. Note: for compounds containing hydrogen, you may give the common name instead. molecular formula BP C₂S₂ CS₂ BI₂ H₂O Explanation Recheck name of compound boron phosphide carbon subsulfide carbon disulphide boron triiodide water X Ś olo Ararrow_forward
- The red colour in cabbage is due to the presence of a range of anthocyanins such as cyanidin. Draw both the molecular structure for cyanidin (showing all carbon and hydrogen atoms) and the line structure (using lines and not showing carbon atoms or hydrogen atoms that are attached to carbon atoms).arrow_forwardFunctional Groups FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FUNCTIONAL GROUPS ARE GROUPS OF ATOMS IN ORGANIC MOLECULES THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CHARACTERISTIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF THOSE MOLECULES. IN THE GENERAL FORMULAE SHOWN BELOW FOR EACH FUNCTIONAL GROUP, 'R' REPRESENTS THE REST OF THE MOLECULE, AND X REPRESENTS ANY HALOGEN ATOM. HALOGEN HETEROATOMICS CARBONYL COMPOUNDS HYDROCARBONS SIMPLE OXYGEN HETEROATOMICS NITROGEN-BASED SULFUR-BASED AROMATIC R-OH 0-R₂ R-X ALKANE ALKENE ALKYNE EPOXIDE Noming one egethane Noming ene egethene Noming ye ALCOHOL Naming-of egethanol ETHER Naming-ory ane eg. methoxyethane Naming ene oxide egethene oxide HALOALKANE Naming: holo eg. chloroethane eg ethyne ÅR (PNP) -Å-X OR₂ ALDEHYDE Naming al eg ethanal KETONE Naming: one eg propanone CARBOXYLIC ACID Naming oic acid eg, ethanoic acid ACID ANHYDRIDE Noming oic anhydride eg. ethanoic anhydride ESTER Naming late eg. ethyl ethanoate AMIDE Naming: amide eg. ethanamide ACYL HALIDE Naming ay halide eg…arrow_forwardWhat are the molecular and empirical chemical formulas of a compound made up of these molecules? H H H H H-Ö- C H C C molecular formula: empirical formula: Explanation C H -Ö 0 0 -H الات The lines stand for chemical bonds between the atoms. You can ignore the dots -- they represent "lone pairs" and you'll learn about them later. X JU 9 0 + Sabriarrow_forward
- please see attached imagearrow_forwardTrue or FalseThe density of an organic compound is influenced by the type of chemical bond present in the compoundarrow_forward1) a) Identify the bonds formed between the following pairs of atoms as either covalent or ionic: zinc and fluoride, lithium and chloride, cesium and iodine, carbon and oxygen, chlorine and chlorine. b) What are likely formulas for the following molecules? Express your answer as a chemical formula. CH2Cl? BH? H?S SiBr?arrow_forward
- Equilin is an estrogen from horses with the chemical name 3-hydroxyestra- 1,3,5,7-tetraen-17-one. Equilin is one of the estrogens present in the mixture of estrogens isolated from horse urine and marketed as Premarin. Premarin became the most commonly used form of estrogen for hormone replacement therapy in the United States of America. Equilin contains three elements: C, H, and O. When 13.42 grams of this substance are completely combusted, 39.61 grams of CO2 and 9.01 grams of H20 are produced. What is the empirical formula of equilin? If the molecular weight is 268.34 g/mol, what is its molecular formula?arrow_forwardUse the names of the groups to determine the number of carbon atoms; then use the (2n+2) rule 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)octanearrow_forwardWhy does the number of known compounds of carbon far exceeds the number of compounds of all the other elements combined? Select the correct response O Carbon cannot form multiple combinations of single, double, and triple bonds with itself and with other elements Carbon atorns have the special property of being able to bond together to form chains, rings, spheres, and sheets of almost any size O Carbon can fom multiple combinations with itself but not with other elements. Carbon is a small atom that can form more than four bondsarrow_forward
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
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