![Organic Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305080485/9781305080485_largeCoverImage.gif)
Concept explainers
a) Indole STRUCTURE GIVEN IN QUESTION
Interpretation:
The structure of indole is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH3; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH2; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. Nitrogen is trivalent and it can form one double bond and a single bond or three single bonds.
To draw:
The skeletal structure of indole.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 42AP
The skeletal structure of indole is
Explanation of Solution
The molecular formula of indole is C8H7N. It has bicyclic structure consisting of a six membered benzene ring fused to a five membered pyrrole ring. In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. A three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. Nitrogen is trivalent and it is in a three way intersection as NH.
The skeletal structure of indole is
b) 1,3- pentadiene
Interpretation:
The structure of 1,3- pentadiene is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH3; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH2; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.
To draw:
The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 42AP
The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene is
Explanation of Solution
The molecular formula of 1,3- pentadiene is C5H8. It has two double bonds, one between C1-C2 and another between C3-C4. In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH3; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH2; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH. Based on these concepts the structure of 1,3- pentadiene can be written.
The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene is
c) 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane
Interpretation:
The structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH3; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH2; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.
To draw:
The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 42AP
The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is
Explanation of Solution
In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of 1,2- dichlorocyclopentene is C5H8Cl2. A cyclopentane ring is made up of five methylene groups. In 1,2- dichlorocyclopentene the two chlorine atoms are bonded to the first and second carbons replacing one hydrogen on each. They are shown in the skeletal structure.
The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is
d) benzoquinone
Interpretation:
The structure of benzoquinone is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.
To draw:
The skeletal structure of benzoquinone.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 42AP
The skeletal structure of benzoquinone is
Explanation of Solution
In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of benzoquinone is C6H4O2. The six carbons form a six membered ring with first and fourth carbons as carbonyl groups. The other four carbons have one hydrogen each.
The skeletal structure of benzoquinone is
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- draw a skeletal structure for the moleculearrow_forwardI have given you a condensed structure. You need to convert it to an accurate bond-line structure. CH3 CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH₂-C-H 12-CH-CH2₂-C-1 CI Draw (as bond-line structures) isomers of this compound where you only move the chlorine atom. Draw four isomers of the original compound that would have a five carbon chain as the longest chain. [Note: there would be many isomers that will satisfy this. Find any four.] Using the original molecule (and looking at the carbon next to the aldehyde carbonyl) what would be the charge on that carbon if I removed an H atom and left behind the pair of electrons? Circle the best answer Positive Negative Neutral In the space below, draw that structure (from the sentence above) as a bond-line structure. Then, draw a resonance structure for this ion and be sure to add curved arrows to show the movement of electrons.arrow_forwardhow do you draw a structure of an alkane or cycloalkane that has more than three but fewer than ten carbon atoms and only primary hydrogens?arrow_forward
- Write 10 possible isomer of Dodecane (C12H26) using line structure.arrow_forwardThe molecule with the condensed formula (CH3)2CHCH2CHO can be represented as the skeletal structure below. O True O Falsearrow_forwardWhat is the meaning of the term tertiary (3) when it is used to classify alcohols? Draw a structural formula for the one tertiary (3) alcohol with the molecular formula C4H10O.arrow_forward
- How many electron pairs are shared when a triple bond exists between two carbon atoms? What must he the geometric arrangement around the carbon atoms in a triple bond? Draw the Lewis structure of a simple molecule that contains a triple bond.arrow_forwardProvide a skeletal line structure for hexanoic acid.arrow_forwardFrom the condensed structural formulas,draw out the expanded structural formula for each in the table below(include all hydrogen). Name the organic compound using International union of pure and applied chemistry rules.arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage Learning
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305580350/9781305580350_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781337399425/9781337399425_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305081079/9781305081079_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781285853918/9781285853918_smallCoverImage.gif)