Interpretation:
Using ethyl propanoate as a starting material and any other required reagents, the synthesis of thymine is to be shown.
Concept introduction:
Electrophiles are electron-deficient species that have positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron-rich species that have negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair.
Free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired electron, which makes it highly chemically reactive.
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.
Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.
The carbon–carbon bond forming reaction, useful for the synthesis of beta keto ester, is known as Claisen condensation reaction.
In Claisen condensation, reaction occur between two esters, a carbon–carbon bond formation takes place which leads to the formation of
Dieckmann condensation is also known as intramolecular Claisen condensation.
Five and six membered rings are easily prepared by Dieckmann condensation.
Esters containing only one alpha hydrogen do not undergo Claisen condensation reaction.
The starting material ethyl propanoate undergoes Claisen condensation reaction in the presence of sodium ethoxide and forms a
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Organic Chemistry
- Following is the structural formula of the tranquilizer meparfynol (Oblivon). Propose a synthesis for this compound starting with acetylene and a ketone. (Notice the -yn- and -ol in the chemical name of this compound, indicating that it contains alkyne and hydroxyl functional groups.)arrow_forwardAcetylene reacts with sodium amide in the presence of propyl halide produces aldehyde produces ketones It produces 2-pentanearrow_forwardWhen propene reacts with gaseous hydrogen bromide, HBr, two products, 1-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane are formed. The reaction is a two-step process in which the electrophilic attack occurs in the first step. Identify the electrophile in this reaction Draw a diagram showing the first step of the reaction that leads to the production of 2-bromopropane.arrow_forward
- 4-pyranone will readily undergo an acid-base reaction. Identify the reaction conditions that will result in the formation of an aromatic product. Then, draw the aromatic resonance product structure. Include all lone pairs in your structure. Ignore inorganic byproducts. H3O+arrow_forwardFollowing is the structural formula of the tranquilizer meparfynol (Oblivon). Oblivon HO Propose a synthesis for this compound starting with acetylene and a ketone. (Notice the -yn- and -ol in the chemical name of this compound, indicating that it contains al- kyne and hydroxyl functional groups.)arrow_forwardH NH₂ ཡིནྣཾ ༥ ཨ ཨནྡྷ༥ ༠ ཨི་ཝཱ, ཙ ཨ་ར༩ H NH3+ the acidity of the amine ion drives the reaction to shift toward the conjugate base of the carboxylic acid product. the resulting carboxylic acid ion is a weaker base than an acetate ion. O aldehydes are more reactive toward nucleophiles than ketones. Onucleophilic attack occurs preferentially at the less hindered carbon of the formyl group.arrow_forward
- Succinic acid can be synthesized by the following series of reactions from acetylene. Show the reagents and experimental conditions necessary to carry out this synthesis. НО OH НО. HO H- H. HO, ОН Acetylene 2-Butyne-1,4-diol 1,4-Butanediol Butanedioic acid (Succinic acid)arrow_forwardFrom benzene and compounds of 4 carbons or less and any reagents you want; synthesize the following compound.arrow_forwardThe ketone 2-heptanone has been identified as contributing to the odor of a number of dairy products, including condensed milk and cheddar cheese. Describe the synthesis of 2-heptanone from acetylene and any necessary organic and inorganic reagents.arrow_forward
- Explain why alkynes are more acidic than alkanes and alkenes. Show how to generate nucleophilic acetylide ions and use them in syntheses.arrow_forwardKetones and aldehydes react with sodium acetylide (the sodium salt of acetylene) to give alcohols, as shown in the following example: R1 ОН 1. НС—с: Na* R2 R1 R2 2. Нзо" HC Draw the structure of the major reaction product when the following compound reacts with sodium acetylide, assuming that the reaction takes preferentially from the Si face of the carbonyl group. • Use the wedge/hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. • If a group is achiral, do not use wedged or hashed bonds on it. CH3 CHarrow_forwardShow how to convert alkenes, alkyl halides, and carbonyl compounds to alcohols.arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning