Organic Chemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781118133576
Author: T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig Fryhle
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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Chapter 19, Problem 18PP
Practice Problem 19.18
What experimental conditions would favor the cyclization process in an intramolecular aldol reaction over intermolecular condensation?
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Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition
Consider the following equilibrium:
2NH3 (g) = N2 (g) +3H₂
—N2 (g) AGº = 34. kJ
Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.19 atm of ammonia (NH3) and 9.94 atm of nitrogen (N2) at 378. °C. Answer the following questions about this
system:
rise
Under these conditions, will the pressure of NH 3 tend to rise or fall?
☐ x10
fall
Х
Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂?
In other words, if you said the pressure of NH 3 will tend to rise, can that
be changed to a tendency to fall by adding H₂? Similarly, if you said the
pressure of NH3 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to
rise by adding H₂?
If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate
the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it.
Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
yes
no
atm
00.
18
Ar
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Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria
The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at
equilibrium. You can leave out water itself.
Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the
formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row.
You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid.
2.2 mol of NaOH is added to
1.0 L of a 1.4M HF
solution.
acids:
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bases:
Х
other: ☐
ப
acids:
0.51 mol of KOH is added to
1.0 L of a solution that is
bases:
1.3M in both HF and NaF.
other: ☐
00.
18
Ar
Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition
Consider the following equilibrium:
N2O4 (g) 2NO2 (g)
AG⁰ = 5.4 kJ
Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 1.68 atm of dinitrogen tetroxide (N204) at 148. °C. Answer the following questions about this system:
rise
Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2O4 tend to rise or fall?
x10
fall
Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO2?
In other words, if you said the pressure of N2O4 will tend to rise, can that
be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO2? Similarly, if you said the
pressure of N2O4 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to
rise by adding NO2?
If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate
the minimum pressure of NO 2 needed to reverse it.
Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
yes
no
0.42 atm
☑
5
0/5
?
مله
Ar
Chapter 19 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 19 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 19.1 (a) Write a mechanism. for...Ch. 19 - Practice Problem 19.2
Since the products obtained...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3PPCh. 19 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 19.4
Write mechanisms that...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5PPCh. 19 - Prob. 6PPCh. 19 - Practice Problem 19.7 The acid-catalyzed aldol...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8PPCh. 19 - Practice Problem 19.9
(a) Provide a mechanism for...Ch. 19 - Prob. 10PP
Ch. 19 - Practice Problem 19.11 Outlined below is a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12PPCh. 19 - Prob. 13PPCh. 19 - Prob. 14PPCh. 19 - Practice Problem 19.15
Starting with ketones and...Ch. 19 - Practice Problem 19.16 Assuming that dehydration...Ch. 19 - Practice Problem 19.17 What starting compound...Ch. 19 - Practice Problem 19.18
What experimental...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19PPCh. 19 - Practice Problem 19.20
When acrolein (propenal)...Ch. 19 - Prob. 21PPCh. 19 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 19.22
Qutline reasonable...Ch. 19 - Prob. 23PCh. 19 - Show all steps in the following syntheses. You may...Ch. 19 - Prob. 25PCh. 19 - Prob. 26PCh. 19 - Prob. 27PCh. 19 - 19.28 Show how the diketone at the right could be...Ch. 19 - Prob. 29PCh. 19 - 19.30 Write a detailed mechanism for the following...Ch. 19 - Prob. 31PCh. 19 - Prob. 32PCh. 19 - 19.33 Predict the products from each of the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 34PCh. 19 - Show how each of the following transformations...Ch. 19 - Prob. 36PCh. 19 - What reagents would you use to bring about each...Ch. 19 - Prob. 38PCh. 19 - Prob. 39PCh. 19 - 19.40 When the aldol reaction of acetaldehyde is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 41PCh. 19 - Prob. 42PCh. 19 - 19.43 The following reaction illustrates the...Ch. 19 - What is the structure of the cyclic compound that...Ch. 19 - Prob. 45PCh. 19 - Prob. 46PCh. 19 - Prob. 47PCh. 19 - Predict the products from the following reactions....Ch. 19 - Prob. 49PCh. 19 - 19.50 (+)-Fenchone is a terpenoid that can be...Ch. 19 - Prob. 51PCh. 19 - Prob. 52PCh. 19 - Prob. 53PCh. 19 - Prob. 54PCh. 19 - The Perkin condensation is an aldol-type...Ch. 19 - 19.55 (a) Infrared spectroscopy provides an easy...Ch. 19 - Prob. 57PCh. 19 - 19.61 Provide a mechanism for each of the...Ch. 19 - 19.62 (a) Deduce the structure of product A,...Ch. 19 - 19.60 Write the structures of the three products...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1LGPCh. 19 - Which hydrogen atoms in the following ester are...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2QCh. 19 - 19.3 What starting materials could be used in a...Ch. 19 - Supply the missing reagents, intermediates, and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5QCh. 19 - Prob. 6QCh. 19 - Prob. 7QCh. 19 - Prob. 8Q
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