Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted. Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage. The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group. The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.93EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.93EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.93EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.93EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 19.93EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 19.93EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 19.93EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.

The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.

The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 19.1 - Which of the following is not a biochemical...Ch. 19.1 - The saponifiable/nonsaponifiable classification...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 19.4 - How many structural subunits are present in the...

Solution Summary: The author explains that glycerophospholipids, sphingophospheric fatty acids, and glycosidic linkages correspond to the membrane lipid characterization.

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