The class of enzymes to which the enzyme involved in the given reaction belongs should be determined. Concept introduction: Enzyme: It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction. Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction. Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place. Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme. Classification of enzymes: Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions . Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another. Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water. Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions. Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule. Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.25UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class of enzymes to which the enzyme involved in the given reaction belongs should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The subclass of enzymes which would expect to catalyse the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substrate for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Substrate: The substrate is a molecule upon which enzyme acts.

Product: The substrate is transformed into one or more products and after its formation they are released from the active site.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Substrate: The substrate is a molecule upon which enzyme acts.

Product: The substrate is transformed into one or more products and after its formation they are released from the active site.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the enzyme which is used to catalyse the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

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The beta-lactamase hydrolyzes the lactam-ring in penicillin. Describe the mechanism of hydrolysis, insuring to include the involvement of S, D, & K in the reaction sequence. Please help

To map the active site of beta-lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Why doesn't D in this hexapeptide not participate in the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring even though S, K, and D are involved in the catalyst?

To map the active site of -lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Using the experimental results described above derive the primary sequence of the active site hexapeptide. Please help!

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.25UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class of enzymes to which the enzyme involved in the given reaction belongs should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The subclass of enzymes which would expect to catalyse the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substrate for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Substrate: The substrate is a molecule upon which enzyme acts.

Product: The substrate is transformed into one or more products and after its formation they are released from the active site.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Substrate: The substrate is a molecule upon which enzyme acts.

Product: The substrate is transformed into one or more products and after its formation they are released from the active site.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the enzyme which is used to catalyse the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.25UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class of enzymes to which the enzyme involved in the given reaction belongs should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The subclass of enzymes which would expect to catalyse the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substrate for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Substrate: The substrate is a molecule upon which enzyme acts.

Product: The substrate is transformed into one or more products and after its formation they are released from the active site.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Substrate: The substrate is a molecule upon which enzyme acts.

Product: The substrate is transformed into one or more products and after its formation they are released from the active site.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the enzyme which is used to catalyse the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.25UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class of enzymes to which the enzyme involved in the given reaction belongs should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The subclass of enzymes which would expect to catalyse the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substrate for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Substrate: The substrate is a molecule upon which enzyme acts.

Product: The substrate is transformed into one or more products and after its formation they are released from the active site.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Substrate: The substrate is a molecule upon which enzyme acts.

Product: The substrate is transformed into one or more products and after its formation they are released from the active site.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the enzyme which is used to catalyse the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 19.25UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class of enzymes to which the enzyme involved in the given reaction belongs should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The subclass of enzymes which would expect to catalyse the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substrate for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Substrate: The substrate is a molecule upon which enzyme acts.

Product: The substrate is transformed into one or more products and after its formation they are released from the active site.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Substrate: The substrate is a molecule upon which enzyme acts.

Product: The substrate is transformed into one or more products and after its formation they are released from the active site.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the enzyme which is used to catalyse the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 19.25UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class of enzymes to which the enzyme involved in the given reaction belongs should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 19.25UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class of enzymes to which the enzyme involved in the given reaction belongs should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The subclass of enzymes which would expect to catalyse the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The subclass of enzymes which would expect to catalyse the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substrate for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Substrate: The substrate is a molecule upon which enzyme acts.

Product: The substrate is transformed into one or more products and after its formation they are released from the active site.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substrate for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Substrate: The substrate is a molecule upon which enzyme acts.

Product: The substrate is transformed into one or more products and after its formation they are released from the active site.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Substrate: The substrate is a molecule upon which enzyme acts.

Product: The substrate is transformed into one or more products and after its formation they are released from the active site.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Substrate: The substrate is a molecule upon which enzyme acts.

Product: The substrate is transformed into one or more products and after its formation they are released from the active site.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the enzyme which is used to catalyse the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the enzyme which is used to catalyse the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Classification of enzymes:

Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions.

Transferases: Used to catalyse transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.

Isomerases: Used to catalyse isomerization reactions.

Lyases: Used to catalyse addition or removal of a small molecule.

Ligases: Used to catalyse the bonding of two substrate molecules.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 19

Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 19.1P Ch. 19.1 - The enzyme LDH converts lactate to pyruvate. In...Ch. 19.2 - The cofactors NAD+, Cu2+, Zn2+, coenzyme A, FAD,...Ch. 19.3 - Describe the reactions that you would expect these...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.5P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.6P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.7P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.8P Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 19.9KCP Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 19.10KCP

Solution Summary: The author explains that the class of enzymes to which the enzyme involved in the given reaction belongs should be determined.

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