The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme becomes overactive during a disease has to be determined. Concept Introduction: Enzyme: It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction. Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction. Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place. Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme. Enzyme inhibitors: The substance which slows or stops the action of an enzyme is called enzyme inhibitors. It can be used as drugs and an example is AZT which is used to treat HIV. The competition of an enzyme can be reversible or irreversible and in reversible inhibition, the inhibitor can leave and in irreversible inhibition, the inhibitor remains permanently bound.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19.8, Problem 19.16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme becomes overactive during a disease has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme inhibitors: The substance which slows or stops the action of an enzyme is called enzyme inhibitors.

It can be used as drugs and an example is AZT which is used to treat HIV.

The competition of an enzyme can be reversible or irreversible and in reversible inhibition, the inhibitor can leave and in irreversible inhibition, the inhibitor remains permanently bound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme is needed only when there is low blood glucose has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Feedback control: The pathways which are dependent on a series of consecutive reactions in which the product of one reaction is the reactant for the next and these pathways are subjected to feedback control, which occurs when the result of a process feeds information back to affect the beginning process.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme that springs into action when a traumatic injury occurs has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme regulation:

Some enzymes can destroy the organ in which they are produced and they are often synthesized as proenzymes or zymogens.

Enzyme regulation by covalent modification can be done by two methods and one is through removal of a covalently bonded portion of an enzyme or addition of a group.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme is needed only during adolescence has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme regulation by genetic control:

It is a type of control by which regulation of enzyme activity is done by the control of the synthesis of enzymes.

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Please analze the gel electrophoresis column of the VRK1 kinase (MW: 39.71 kDa). Lane 1: buffer Lane 2 : Ladder Lane 3: Lysate Lane 4: Flowthrough Lane 5: Wash Lanes 6-8: E1, E2, E3 Lane 9: Dialyzed VRK1 Lane 10: LDH

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You have isolated a protein and determined that the native molecular weight of the holoenzyme is 160 kD using size exclusion chromatography. Analysis of this protein using SDS-PAGE revealed 2 bands, one at 100 kD and one at 30 kD. Describe the architecture of the polypeptide component of this enzyme.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19.8, Problem 19.16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme becomes overactive during a disease has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme inhibitors: The substance which slows or stops the action of an enzyme is called enzyme inhibitors.

It can be used as drugs and an example is AZT which is used to treat HIV.

The competition of an enzyme can be reversible or irreversible and in reversible inhibition, the inhibitor can leave and in irreversible inhibition, the inhibitor remains permanently bound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme is needed only when there is low blood glucose has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Feedback control: The pathways which are dependent on a series of consecutive reactions in which the product of one reaction is the reactant for the next and these pathways are subjected to feedback control, which occurs when the result of a process feeds information back to affect the beginning process.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme that springs into action when a traumatic injury occurs has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme regulation:

Some enzymes can destroy the organ in which they are produced and they are often synthesized as proenzymes or zymogens.

Enzyme regulation by covalent modification can be done by two methods and one is through removal of a covalently bonded portion of an enzyme or addition of a group.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme is needed only during adolescence has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme regulation by genetic control:

It is a type of control by which regulation of enzyme activity is done by the control of the synthesis of enzymes.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19.8, Problem 19.16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme becomes overactive during a disease has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme inhibitors: The substance which slows or stops the action of an enzyme is called enzyme inhibitors.

It can be used as drugs and an example is AZT which is used to treat HIV.

The competition of an enzyme can be reversible or irreversible and in reversible inhibition, the inhibitor can leave and in irreversible inhibition, the inhibitor remains permanently bound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme is needed only when there is low blood glucose has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Feedback control: The pathways which are dependent on a series of consecutive reactions in which the product of one reaction is the reactant for the next and these pathways are subjected to feedback control, which occurs when the result of a process feeds information back to affect the beginning process.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme that springs into action when a traumatic injury occurs has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme regulation:

Some enzymes can destroy the organ in which they are produced and they are often synthesized as proenzymes or zymogens.

Enzyme regulation by covalent modification can be done by two methods and one is through removal of a covalently bonded portion of an enzyme or addition of a group.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme is needed only during adolescence has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme regulation by genetic control:

It is a type of control by which regulation of enzyme activity is done by the control of the synthesis of enzymes.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19.8, Problem 19.16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme becomes overactive during a disease has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme inhibitors: The substance which slows or stops the action of an enzyme is called enzyme inhibitors.

It can be used as drugs and an example is AZT which is used to treat HIV.

The competition of an enzyme can be reversible or irreversible and in reversible inhibition, the inhibitor can leave and in irreversible inhibition, the inhibitor remains permanently bound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme is needed only when there is low blood glucose has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Feedback control: The pathways which are dependent on a series of consecutive reactions in which the product of one reaction is the reactant for the next and these pathways are subjected to feedback control, which occurs when the result of a process feeds information back to affect the beginning process.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme that springs into action when a traumatic injury occurs has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme regulation:

Some enzymes can destroy the organ in which they are produced and they are often synthesized as proenzymes or zymogens.

Enzyme regulation by covalent modification can be done by two methods and one is through removal of a covalently bonded portion of an enzyme or addition of a group.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme is needed only during adolescence has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme regulation by genetic control:

It is a type of control by which regulation of enzyme activity is done by the control of the synthesis of enzymes.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 19.8, Problem 19.16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme becomes overactive during a disease has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme inhibitors: The substance which slows or stops the action of an enzyme is called enzyme inhibitors.

It can be used as drugs and an example is AZT which is used to treat HIV.

The competition of an enzyme can be reversible or irreversible and in reversible inhibition, the inhibitor can leave and in irreversible inhibition, the inhibitor remains permanently bound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme is needed only when there is low blood glucose has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Feedback control: The pathways which are dependent on a series of consecutive reactions in which the product of one reaction is the reactant for the next and these pathways are subjected to feedback control, which occurs when the result of a process feeds information back to affect the beginning process.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme that springs into action when a traumatic injury occurs has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme regulation:

Some enzymes can destroy the organ in which they are produced and they are often synthesized as proenzymes or zymogens.

Enzyme regulation by covalent modification can be done by two methods and one is through removal of a covalently bonded portion of an enzyme or addition of a group.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme is needed only during adolescence has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme regulation by genetic control:

It is a type of control by which regulation of enzyme activity is done by the control of the synthesis of enzymes.

Answer 6

Chapter 19.8, Problem 19.16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme becomes overactive during a disease has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme inhibitors: The substance which slows or stops the action of an enzyme is called enzyme inhibitors.

It can be used as drugs and an example is AZT which is used to treat HIV.

The competition of an enzyme can be reversible or irreversible and in reversible inhibition, the inhibitor can leave and in irreversible inhibition, the inhibitor remains permanently bound.

Answer 7

Chapter 19.8, Problem 19.16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme becomes overactive during a disease has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme inhibitors: The substance which slows or stops the action of an enzyme is called enzyme inhibitors.

It can be used as drugs and an example is AZT which is used to treat HIV.

The competition of an enzyme can be reversible or irreversible and in reversible inhibition, the inhibitor can leave and in irreversible inhibition, the inhibitor remains permanently bound.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme is needed only when there is low blood glucose has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Feedback control: The pathways which are dependent on a series of consecutive reactions in which the product of one reaction is the reactant for the next and these pathways are subjected to feedback control, which occurs when the result of a process feeds information back to affect the beginning process.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme is needed only when there is low blood glucose has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Feedback control: The pathways which are dependent on a series of consecutive reactions in which the product of one reaction is the reactant for the next and these pathways are subjected to feedback control, which occurs when the result of a process feeds information back to affect the beginning process.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme that springs into action when a traumatic injury occurs has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme regulation:

Some enzymes can destroy the organ in which they are produced and they are often synthesized as proenzymes or zymogens.

Enzyme regulation by covalent modification can be done by two methods and one is through removal of a covalently bonded portion of an enzyme or addition of a group.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme that springs into action when a traumatic injury occurs has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme regulation:

Some enzymes can destroy the organ in which they are produced and they are often synthesized as proenzymes or zymogens.

Enzyme regulation by covalent modification can be done by two methods and one is through removal of a covalently bonded portion of an enzyme or addition of a group.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme is needed only during adolescence has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme regulation by genetic control:

It is a type of control by which regulation of enzyme activity is done by the control of the synthesis of enzymes.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme is needed only during adolescence has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme regulation by genetic control:

It is a type of control by which regulation of enzyme activity is done by the control of the synthesis of enzymes.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 19.1P Ch. 19.1 - The enzyme LDH converts lactate to pyruvate. In...Ch. 19.2 - The cofactors NAD+, Cu2+, Zn2+, coenzyme A, FAD,...Ch. 19.3 - Describe the reactions that you would expect these...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.5P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.6P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.7P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.8P Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 19.9KCP Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 19.10KCP

Solution Summary: The author explains the type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme becomes overactive during a disease has to be determined.

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