Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 4DAA
Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group of students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade had been controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. It particularly lacked the "old tent" odor characteristic of other honeycreepers.
In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the po'ouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the po'ouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clade's closest relative (FIGURE 18.10).
FIGURE 18.10 Phylogeny of Hawaiian honeycreepers. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers and 28 other finch species.
Which species is more closely related to the Palila (Loxioides bailleui): the Tiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) or the Maui 'Alauahio (Paroreomyza montana)?
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Gymnospermae
100
200
100 200 300
Amphibia
0 50 100 150 200
0 25 50 75 100
Aranea
Diptera
50
100
150
50 100 150 200 250
50 100 150 200 250
050 100 150 200
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Figure 3. The relationship between species richness and clade age in twelve groups.
Question 8. Suppose species in old clades were more likely to go extinct. How would
this change the relationship between clade age and species richness?
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
Angiospermae
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Actinopterygii
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300
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Pteridophyta
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Mammalia
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0
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Coleoptera
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Aves
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100
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50
100 150
0 50 100 150 200 250
50 100 150 200 250
50 100 150 200
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Figure 3. The relationship between species richness and clade age in twelve groups.
Question 5. In which animal group(s) is there a strong positive relationship between
species richness and clade age?
Question 6. What is the relationship between species richness and clade age in
mammals?
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
Angiospermae
0
100
Actinopterygii
●
●
●
T
200 300 400
Squamata
0
0
100
200
2.
0
2
0
300
6
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2
2
0
10
2
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Pteridophyta
200
0
100
Mammalia
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0 25 50 75
Coleoptera
300
0
2
0
0
100
Aves
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Chondricthyes
200
300
0 25 50 75 100
Diptera
In which of the following option, genus, characters and its
class/phylum are incorrectly matched?
Genus
Characters
Class/ Phylum
Presence of wings
(a)
|(1)Corvus
Aves
Air sacs connected to
|(b)
lungs
Distinct male and
(a)
female
|(2)Wuchereria
Aschelminthes
(b)
Internal fertilization
Presence of two pairs of
|(a) limbs
(3)Hyla
Amphibia
|(b)Body is divisible into
head and trunk
(a) Lives in fresh water
|(4)Lamprey
Chondrichthyes
(b)Cold blooded animal
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1SQCh. 18 - Which of the following assumptions is not part of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SQCh. 18 - Prob. 4SQCh. 18 - In a cladogram, each node represents a(n) _______...Ch. 18 - Constructing a cladogram _______ . a. may involve...
Ch. 18 - In cladograms, sister groups are _______ . a....Ch. 18 - Through ______, a body part of an ancestor is...Ch. 18 - Homologous structures among major groups of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10SQCh. 18 - Molecular clocks are based on comparisons of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12SQCh. 18 - All of the following data types can be used as...Ch. 18 - Choose the statement that is incorrect. a....Ch. 18 - Prob. 15SQCh. 18 - Match the terms with the most suitable...Ch. 18 - In the late 1800s, a biologist studying animal...Ch. 18 - The photos shown above illustrate a case of...Ch. 18 - Bonobas and chimpanzees are sister groups. Humans,...
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