Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 2DAA
Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group of students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade had been controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. It particularly lacked the "old tent" odor characteristic of other honeycreepers.
In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the po'ouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the po'ouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clade's closest relative (FIGURE 18.10).
FIGURE 18.10 Phylogeny of Hawaiian honeycreepers. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers and 28 other finch species.
Which species is most closely related to the 'Apapane (Himatione sanguinea)?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
L
Gymnospermae
100
200
100 200 300
Amphibia
0 50 100 150 200
0 25 50 75 100
Aranea
Diptera
50
100
150
50 100 150 200 250
50 100 150 200 250
050 100 150 200
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Figure 3. The relationship between species richness and clade age in twelve groups.
Question 8. Suppose species in old clades were more likely to go extinct. How would
this change the relationship between clade age and species richness?
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
Angiospermae
0
100
Actinopterygii
●
•
0100 200
0
200
●
●
T
300
400
Squamata
0
2.
0
6
0
0
0
300
4
2
0
2
0
4
2-
0
Pteridophyta
200
0
100
Mammalia
● 000 00
0
25
Coleoptera
0
300
50 75
2
2
0
Aves
Chondricthyes
Gymnospermae
100
200
Amphibia
050 100 150 200
Aranea
50
100 150
0 50 100 150 200 250
50 100 150 200 250
50 100 150 200
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Figure 3. The relationship between species richness and clade age in twelve groups.
Question 5. In which animal group(s) is there a strong positive relationship between
species richness and clade age?
Question 6. What is the relationship between species richness and clade age in
mammals?
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
Angiospermae
0
100
Actinopterygii
●
●
●
T
200 300 400
Squamata
0
0
100
200
2.
0
2
0
300
6
4
2
2
0
10
2
0
Pteridophyta
200
0
100
Mammalia
●00
000000
0 25 50 75
Coleoptera
300
0
2
0
0
100
Aves
0
Chondricthyes
200
300
0 25 50 75 100
Diptera
In which of the following option, genus, characters and its
class/phylum are incorrectly matched?
Genus
Characters
Class/ Phylum
Presence of wings
(a)
|(1)Corvus
Aves
Air sacs connected to
|(b)
lungs
Distinct male and
(a)
female
|(2)Wuchereria
Aschelminthes
(b)
Internal fertilization
Presence of two pairs of
|(a) limbs
(3)Hyla
Amphibia
|(b)Body is divisible into
head and trunk
(a) Lives in fresh water
|(4)Lamprey
Chondrichthyes
(b)Cold blooded animal
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1SQCh. 18 - Which of the following assumptions is not part of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SQCh. 18 - Prob. 4SQCh. 18 - In a cladogram, each node represents a(n) _______...Ch. 18 - Constructing a cladogram _______ . a. may involve...
Ch. 18 - In cladograms, sister groups are _______ . a....Ch. 18 - Through ______, a body part of an ancestor is...Ch. 18 - Homologous structures among major groups of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10SQCh. 18 - Molecular clocks are based on comparisons of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12SQCh. 18 - All of the following data types can be used as...Ch. 18 - Choose the statement that is incorrect. a....Ch. 18 - Prob. 15SQCh. 18 - Match the terms with the most suitable...Ch. 18 - In the late 1800s, a biologist studying animal...Ch. 18 - The photos shown above illustrate a case of...Ch. 18 - Bonobas and chimpanzees are sister groups. Humans,...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
True or false? Some trails are considered vestigial because they existed long ago.
Biological Science (6th Edition)
1. Rub your hands together vigorously. What happens? Discuss the energy transfers and transformations that take...
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (3rd Edition)
Single penny tossed 20 times and counting heads and tails: Probability (prediction): _______/20 heads ________/...
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Practice Problem 1.22 Which of the following alkenes can exist as cis-trans isomers? Write their structures. Bu...
Organic Chemistry
How does the removal of hydrogen atoms from nutrient molecules result in a loss of energy from the nutrient mol...
SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
An obese 55-year-old woman consults her physician about minor chest pains during exercise. Explain the physicia...
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group of students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade had been controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. It particularly lacked the "old tent" odor characteristic of other honeycreepers. In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the po'ouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the po'ouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clade's closest relative (FIGURE 18.10). FIGURE 18.10 Phylogeny of Hawaiian honeycreepers. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers and 28 other finch species. What is the sister group of the 'Akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi)arrow_forwardHawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group of students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade had been controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. It particularly lacked the "old tent" odor characteristic of other honeycreepers. In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the po'ouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the po'ouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clade's closest relative (FIGURE 18.10). FIGURE 18.10 Phylogeny of Hawaiian honeycreepers. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers and 28 other finch species. Which species is more closely related to the Palila (Loxioides bailleui): the Tiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) or the Maui 'Alauahio (Paroreomyza montana)?arrow_forwardWhat is the sister group to Innovatiocaris maotianshanensis? The phylogeny shows that some named groups are not monophyletic. For each of the following groups, state whether it is monophyletic: Hurdia - YES OR NO Hurdidae- YES OR NO Lyrarapax- YES OR NO Amplectobelua- YES OR NO Amplectobeluidae- YES OR NO Anomalocaris- YES OR NOarrow_forward
- Make a phylogenetic tree just including the following= phylum nematoda (enoplea and chromadorea) phylum nematomorpha Phylum Priapulida Phylum Kinorhyncha Phylum Loricifera Phylum Tardigrada Phylum Onychophora Phylum arthropoda -include subphylums and classesarrow_forward.arrow_forwardPhylogenetic tree of some deuterostome relationships 2 embryo develops anus first, mouth second 5 6 7 8 6 9 10 11 1 sea star sea urchin Use the table below to fill in phylogenic features according to the number phylogenic tree. 3 lamprey Box # Phenotypic Feature 1 perch 2 3 goldfish 4 5 frog 6 7 123 rat 8 12 9 13 14 bat 10 11 15 lizard 12 13 16 bird 14 15 turtle 16arrow_forward
- Based on the phylogentic tree attached Question 1 The placement of Melibe digitata and Melibe viridis is: a) Suspicious because long branch attraction may be a factor b) Suspicious because the branch is not fully shown c) Suspicious because it belongs to an unresolved clade with Cuthonia divae and Lomanotus sp. E d) Not suspicious because it has a Bayesian posterior probability of the maximum 1 Question 2 The estimate of phylogenetic relationships of Marionia sp. 10 is sufficient evidence on which to base its status as a distinct species: a) Clearly, yes b) Clearly, no c) Maybe, but it depends on the bootstrap support uniting two samples on the tree d) Maybe, but it depends on evidence from other data sources Question 3 The sister group of Tritoniopsis alba with three asterisks to its right-hand side is: a) Tritoniopsis sp. b) Both Tritoniopsis sp. c) Tritoniopsis alba (without asterisks) d) Tritoniopsis frydis e) Both Tritoniopsis sp. and Tritoniopsis alba (without asterisks), and…arrow_forwardshow how these 5 species are related using a phylogenetic treearrow_forwardHorse - Equus caballus Trace its origin and evolutionary history or changes in the species. Describe its structures and their functions. What is the importance of this species to our environment? Give trivia about this species. Does this organism produce oxygen? Explain. What are the ancestral species of your chosen organism? Has this species been genetically engineered? If yes, in what way? How does this species reproduce? What organisms have similar structures to this species? Do these structures have the same function? Does the species have tissues, organs, and/or organ systems? What is its role in the flow of energy? Give at 15 least a sentence to each question.arrow_forward
- *Each number (1.1, 2.1, etc) represents a character/synapomorphy. How many character changes are there in the cladogram? Are there any unexpected or unusual result in the cladogram?arrow_forwardAs we have discussed in class, phylogenies are hypotheses, and can therefore change over time with new evidence. Relatively recent and strong molecular evidence (that we did not discuss in class) suggests that all members of the Subphylum Hexapoda are derived from a common ancestor within the Subphylum Crustacea, as in the cladogram shown below. Given this new information, answer the question below. Note: Don't panic. Some of the names of these groups are new to you (Copepoda, Malacostraca, and Remipedia are all classes or subclasses within the Subphylum Crustacea), but this will not affect your ability to answer this question. Myriapoda Copepoda (Crustacea) Malacostraca (Crustacea) Hexapoda Remipedia (Crustacea) If we insisted that all groups must be categorized and named so that taxonomic ranks/names always include a single common ancestor and all of its descendants, how would this new evidence change our definition of a hexapod? Hexapoda and Melacostraca would have to be classified…arrow_forwardWhat are the synapomorphies of Phylliinae?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781337408332Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...
Biology
ISBN:9781337408332
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license