Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 3DAA
Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group of students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade had been controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. It particularly lacked the "old tent" odor characteristic of other honeycreepers.
In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the po'ouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the po'ouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clade's closest relative (FIGURE 18.10).
FIGURE 18.10 Phylogeny of Hawaiian honeycreepers. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers and 28 other finch species.
What is the sister group of the 'Akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi)
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Gymnospermae
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Figure 3. The relationship between species richness and clade age in twelve groups.
Question 7. One difficulty in estimating species richness is that many species have
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would the observed relationship between species diversity and clade age be biased?
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Log (richness)
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Squamata
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300
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Pteridophyta
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0
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150
0
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Coleoptera
0
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Aves
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200
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Diptera
Gymnospermae
100
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Amphibia
050 100 150 200
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50 100 150 200 250
50 100 150 200
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
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Figure 3. The relationship between species richness and clade age in twelve groups.
Question 5. In which animal group(s) is there a strong positive relationship between
species richness and clade age?
Question 6. What is the relationship between species richness and clade age in
mammals?
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
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Aves
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Diptera
Answer each item with either “Yes” or “No”. If the answer is No, write a 1-sentence statement that gives the correct interpretation of the relationship of the species mentioned.
1. pinea and heldrechii are sister to each other
2. merkusii is equally related to heldreichii and pinea
3. The group consisting only of (longaeva, brutia and sylvestris) is polyphyletic.
4. The group consisting only of (heldreichii, bruita and pinea) is polyphyletic.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1SQCh. 18 - Which of the following assumptions is not part of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SQCh. 18 - Prob. 4SQCh. 18 - In a cladogram, each node represents a(n) _______...Ch. 18 - Constructing a cladogram _______ . a. may involve...
Ch. 18 - In cladograms, sister groups are _______ . a....Ch. 18 - Through ______, a body part of an ancestor is...Ch. 18 - Homologous structures among major groups of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10SQCh. 18 - Molecular clocks are based on comparisons of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12SQCh. 18 - All of the following data types can be used as...Ch. 18 - Choose the statement that is incorrect. a....Ch. 18 - Prob. 15SQCh. 18 - Match the terms with the most suitable...Ch. 18 - In the late 1800s, a biologist studying animal...Ch. 18 - The photos shown above illustrate a case of...Ch. 18 - Bonobas and chimpanzees are sister groups. Humans,...
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