Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 11SQ
Molecular clocks are based on comparisons of the number of ______ mutations between species.
- a. lethal
- b. neutral
- c. conservative
- d. nonconservative
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Are gene mutations caused by selective pressures in the environment? In other words, do gene mutations arise in an organism out of need or want?
Group of answer choices
A. No, because gene mutations are not purely random.
B. Yes, because gene mutations are not purely random.
C. No, because gene mutations are purely random.
D. Yes, because gene mutations are purely random.
By comparing DNA sequence of a specific gene, we can determine the evolutionary relationship of two organisms. Based on the sequence listed below, which two species would you expect to be more closely related? Organism No.1 with ATG CAA TAC GCC, organism No. 2 with ATG CAT GAC ACC and organims No. 3 with ATG CAT TAC GCC
A. Organims No.2 and No.3 are likely more closely related.
b.Organims No.1 and No.2 are likely more closely related.
c.Organims No 1 and No.3 are likely more closely related.
A researcher compares several species of maple tree by examining the amino acid sequence of a protein. The researcher discovers that the amino acid sequence differs in three locations depending on the species of tree. What can the researcher conclude based on this data?
A.
Maple trees are evolving rapidly.
B.
The different species have different morphological characteristics.
C.
The maple trees have been exposed to high levels of mutagens.
D.
The genetic makeup of the maple tree population has changed over time.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1SQCh. 18 - Which of the following assumptions is not part of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SQCh. 18 - Prob. 4SQCh. 18 - In a cladogram, each node represents a(n) _______...Ch. 18 - Constructing a cladogram _______ . a. may involve...
Ch. 18 - In cladograms, sister groups are _______ . a....Ch. 18 - Through ______, a body part of an ancestor is...Ch. 18 - Homologous structures among major groups of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10SQCh. 18 - Molecular clocks are based on comparisons of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12SQCh. 18 - All of the following data types can be used as...Ch. 18 - Choose the statement that is incorrect. a....Ch. 18 - Prob. 15SQCh. 18 - Match the terms with the most suitable...Ch. 18 - In the late 1800s, a biologist studying animal...Ch. 18 - The photos shown above illustrate a case of...Ch. 18 - Bonobas and chimpanzees are sister groups. Humans,...
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- Which statement about the neutral-mutation hypothesis is true? a. All proteins are functionless. b. Natural selection plays no role in evolution. c. Many molecular variants are functionally equivalent. d. All of the abovearrow_forwardIn humans, mutations can be the result of _________________. * A. racial discrimination B. political intervention C. exposure to harmful level of radiation D. migration pattern 2. Which of the following causes a decreasing wildlife population in most of the places in our country? * A. loss of limiting factor B. loss of natural disturbances C. loss of habitat D. loss of carrying capacityarrow_forwardDefine gene mutation Group of answer choices A. the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. B. the introduction of genetic material (by interbreeding) from one population of a species to another, thereby changing the composition of the gene pool of the receiving population C. variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce. D. A rare and random change in a gene that can be bad or benef icial depending on the environment .arrow_forward
- 1arrow_forwardecall the E. coli long-term evolution experiment. What is the evidence that supports the notion of “historical contingency”? A. All strains that evolved to be Cit+ were found to have changes to the exact same gene. B. Cit+ cells could import citrate under both low oxygen and high oxygen conditions. C. That after 30,000 generations the genotypes of all 12 lines were identical. D. Replay experiments only produced new Cit+ strains after 20,000 generationsarrow_forwardModern dogs are direct descendants of the gray wolf. They first appeared about 130,000 years ago. Today, there are about 150 different breeds of domestic dog, a few of which are shown below. 1. Gray wolf All modern domestic dogs are descendants of the gray wolf. adapted from: www. pba.org The great variety of modern dogs can best be explained by A. selective breeding of dogs over many years B. the cloning of domestic dogs C. genetic alterations in gray wolves alive today D. natural selection favoring wolves over dogsarrow_forward
- Certain species of blind fish living in perpetual darkness in the ocean depths have evolved from ancestors that could see. Research indicates that the brain centers for vision in these fish is degenerating, whereas the brain centers controlling other senses are enlarging. What might be the MOST probable reason for the loss of vision in these fish? O A. exposure to mutagens that caused the loss of vision B. progressive selection of genetic variants in the population leading to blindness as an evolutionary adaptation C. infection by cave-dwelling microorganisms that has led to degeneration of the eyes O D. extreme high pressure at the ocean depths causing a deterioration of visionarrow_forwardOne way to determine how closely related two species are is to analyze _____, which determines the amino acid sequence of proteins.a. DNAb. carbohydratesc. mutationsd. fingerprintsarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements does not support how prokaryotes have a large amount of genetic variation A. The mutation rate in prokaryotes is not particularly high B. Prokaryotes have extremely short generation times and large populations C. They can exchange DNA with many types of prokaryotes by way of horizontal gene transfer D. They have a relatively small genomearrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about molecular markersare true?A. All molecular markers are segments of DNA that carryspecific genes.B. A molecular marker is a segment of DNA that is found at aspecific location in a genome.C. We can follow the transmission of a molecular marker byanalyzing the phenotype (i.e., the physical characteristics)of offspring.D. We can follow the transmission of molecular markers usingmolecular techniques such as gel electrophoresis.E. An STS is a molecular marker.arrow_forwardSegmental duplications play an important role in evolution by a. giving rise to new genes and multigene families. b. keeping the number of genes in a genome constant. c. eliminating repetitive sequences produced by transposition. d. controlling the base content of the genome.arrow_forwardGene families arise in the human genome are thought to have risen from A. duplication followed by natural selection B. transformation like process C. none of the above D. selection leading to duplicationarrow_forward
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY