Interpretation:

The system at equilibrium responds to the stress to be explained and the factors which can be effects the stresses on equilibrium of the system is to be elaborated.

Concept introduction:

According to Le Chatelier’s principle, when concentration of the reactants and products are changed then equilibrium position is also changes. As lowering the temperature the equilibrium is also shifts towards the right side or product side and more products are formed. So, there is a stress on equilibrium by increasing or decreasing of the concentration of reactants and products. There are various factors which affect the stresses on equilibrium such as addition of reactants, addition of products, removing of the products, moles of reactants verses moles of products, heat and equilibrium positions and temperature and equilibrium constant.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 13SSC

As lowering the temperature the equilibrium is also shifts towards the right side or product side and more products are formed and vice versa. So, there is a stress on equilibrium by increasing or decreasing of the concentration of reactants and products. With the help of various factors the stresses are overcomes such as addition of reactants, addition of products, removing of the products, moles of reactants verses moles of products, heat and equilibrium positions and temperature and equilibrium constant.

The factors which affect the stresses on the equilibrium system are given as;

a. By addition of reactants

b. By removing of products

c. By addition of products

d. Heat and equilibrium positions

e. Moles of reactants verses mole of products

f. Temperature and equilibrium constant

Explanation of Solution

According to Le Chatelier’s principle, by changing the temperature the equilibrium position is also changes. As temperature is decreases the equilibrium is shifts towards the right side or product side and vice versa. Changing the temperature favors one reaction over the other. On the other hand, at constant temperature the equilibrium is not affected.

Here are the lots of factors which affects the stresses on the equilibrium system such as

1. Addition of reactants: if we added more concentration of reactants to the reaction then no. of collision is increases between the particles. Thus the rate of reaction is increases and equilibrium position is disturbed. Simultaneously, the rate of reverse reaction increases as more products are formed.

2. Addition of products: if a additional product is added to the reaction on products side then equilibrium is shifts towards the left side. The stress is relieved by converting products to reactants.

3. Removing of products: in any equilibrium, the removal of a product results in a shift to the right and the production of more products.

4. Heat and equilibrium position; if heat is added to the reaction then equilibrium is shifts to the side where heat is added up. If temperature is decreases then equilibrium shifts towards the right side because the forward reaction releases the heat and relieves the stress.

5. Temperature and equilibrium constant: when temperature is increases then equilibrium is also changes.

Conclusion

The factor which effects the stresses on the equilibrium system are given as;