Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 17, Problem 14P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
To explain a reasonable mechanism for the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde.
Introduction:
Alcohol Dehydrogenase is an oxidoreductase enzyme present in the cytosol of stomach and liver cells which is capable of converting alcohol into acetaldehyde via oxidation while reducing NAD+ molecule (co factor) into NADH. During catabolism when substrates such as carbohydrates, fats and etc. are subjected to oxidative reactions the energy is usually released as hydride ions and in ethyl alcoholthe carbon atom which has a hydroxyl group attached is comparatively in a more reduced state, which makes it a substrate with more chemical energy.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Mercuric ion and methanol are inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase. Explain.
This is a picture of the catalysis of alcohol by ADH with an inhibitor binding as an aldehyde analog.
I have two questions.
First, what would the enzyme be classified as and why?
Also, what would the steps of this mechanism be?
There is another class of aldolase enzymes known as Class II. These enzymes are found in fungi, algae, and some bacteria. This class differs for Class I in that these enzymes do not have a Lys residue associated with their active sites, but contain a divalent cation (usually Zn2+ or Fe2+) in the active site. Outline a possible mechanism for a Class II aldolase and explain the function of the metal ion in the reaction.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 17 - Global Carbon Dioxide Cycling Expressed as Human...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2PCh. 17 - Where Do the O Atoms in Organisms Come From? Name...Ch. 17 - How Do Catabolism and Anabolism Differ? What are...Ch. 17 - How Art the Enzymes of Metabolic Pathways...Ch. 17 - Why Do Anabolic and Catabolic Pathways Differ? Why...Ch. 17 - Prob. 7PCh. 17 - How Is Metabolism Regulated? (Integrates with...Ch. 17 - Prob. 9PCh. 17 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 17 - Which Is “Better: NMR or MS? Compare and...Ch. 17 - How Do Vitamin-Derived Coenzymes Aid Metabolism?...Ch. 17 - What Art the Features of the Series of -omes?...Ch. 17 - Prob. 14PCh. 17 - Prob. 15PCh. 17 - Prob. 16PCh. 17 - Prob. 17PCh. 17 - Prob. 18PCh. 17 - Which of the following experimental approaches is...Ch. 17 - Prob. 20P
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Examine the ActiveModel for alcohol dehydrogenase and describe the structure and function of the catalytic zinc center.arrow_forwardAlcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of an alcohol to the next highest state of oxidation, an aldehyde. How does this partially explain the toxicity of methanol?arrow_forwardDescribe the alcohol dehydrogenases of humans and S. cerevisiae. How do they differ?arrow_forward
- With regard to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme reaction:a) Write the mechanism of the reaction.b) What two enzyme intermediates are involved? One undergoes an oxidation-reduction step.What is oxidized and what is reduced? How are the electrons transferred? The secondintermediate has some different chemistry than usual esters. Comment.c) What factors are operating here to bring about the catalysis that this enzyme carries out?d) The product of this reaction is “rather special”. Commentarrow_forwardWhen grown anaerobically on glucose, yeast (S. cerevisiae) converts pyruvate to acetaldehyde, then reduces acetaldehyde to Pethanol using electrons from NADH. Write the chemical equation for the reaction that reduces acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) to ethanol (CH3CH2OH). The table provides the standard reduction potential, E', of the relevant half-reactions. Half-reaction Acetaldehyde + 2 H+ + 2e¯ → ethanol NAD+ + 2H+ + 2e¯ → NADH + H+ E'° (V) -.197 -.320 Calculate the equilibrium constant, K'eq, at 25.0 °C for the reaction that reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol. K'e ×10 = eqarrow_forwardInterestingly, the most common treatment for methanol poisoning is to use ethanol as an antidote. Why would adding large amounts of ethanol help slow down the rate of formic acid production by aldehyde dehydrogenase?arrow_forward
- Order the cofactors based on their use in the mechanism of the a-ketogluterate dehydrogenase complex. 1. Stabilizes a carbanion due to decarboxylation 2. Allows for the splitting of the carbon skeleton from the electron pair generated in a redox reaction 3. Enzyme bond electron carrier that is part of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 4. Final electron acceptor in the overall reaction catalyzed by this complex 1 (Choose ] [Choose ] FAD Lipoamide 2 Fe 2S cluster TPP Biotin 3. NAD+ 4 [Choose ] 2.arrow_forwardOrder the cofactors based on their use in the mechanism of the a-etogluterate dehydrogenase complex. 1. Stabilizes a carbanion due to decarboxylation 2. Allows for the splitting of the carbon skeleton from the electron pair generated in a redox reaction 3. Enzyme bond electron carrier that is part of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 4. Final electron acceptor in the overall reaction catalyzed by this complex 1 2 3 4 answer choices: lipoamide, biotin, 2 Fe - 2S cluster, TPP, NAD+, FADarrow_forwardShow the complete reaction mechanism (including arrow pushing) for this reaction.arrow_forward
- ATP, like ADP and AMP, is a competitive inhibitor of NADH binding to malate dehydrogenase. Provide a structural explanation for this inhibition.arrow_forwardShow the carbon atom that changes oxidation state during the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. What is the functional group that changes during the reaction?arrow_forwardFatty acids are converted to their coenzyme A esters in a reversible reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase: R-COO +ATP +COA R-C-COA +AMP + PPi a) The reaction involves two steps the first of which forms an enzyme-bound intermediate identified as the mixed anhydride of the fatty acid and AMP: R-C-O-P-O-nibose-adenine Write two chemical equations coresponding to the two steps of the reaction catalyzed by the synthetase. b) The acyl-CoA synthetase reaction as written above is readily reversible. How might the reaction be made to favor formation of fatty acyl-CoA? Write within the box. Anything outside the box will not be graded. From thearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Anaerobic Respiration; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDC29iBxb3w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY