Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
To explain where the citric acid cycle occurs and the starting product and end product.
Introduction:
Citric acid cycle is a combination of series of
(b)
Interpretation:
To explain where the glycolysis occurs and the starting product and end product.
Introduction:
Glycolysis is the series of reactions that converts carbohydrates like glucose to energy carrying molecules and Acetyl-CoA.
(c)
Interpretation:
To explain where the Oxidative Phosphorylation occurs and the starting product and end product.
Introduction:
Oxidative Phosphorylation is the process of production of ATP by donating electron from NADH and FADH2 through a series of biochemical reactions.
(d)
Interpretation:
To explain where the fatty acid synthesis occurs and the starting product and end product.
Introduction:
Fatty acid synthesis is the series of chemical reaction that occur in the cell to produce fatty acids from Acetyl-CoA using fatty acid synthase enzymes
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Biochemistry
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- The energy for the production of ATP comes from the breakdown of a glucose molecule via many enzyme-mediated chemical reactions occurring at several distinct stages of cellular respiration. During this time, the chemical energy stored in glucose is continually trans- ferred across these reactions. Which of the following describes the form in which most of the energy from the glucose molecule is stored just before the oxidative phosphorylation stage in aerobic cellular respiration? A B с D acetyl CoA FADH 2 NADH pyruvatearrow_forwardGluconeogenesis involves the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. The organs most active from the perspective of gluconeogenesis are the liver and the kidney, which supply glucose to the organs that cannot synthesize it, yet have a strict need for glucose as an energy source. Gluconeogenesis requires several equilibrium steps of glycolysis to run in the reverse direction. What are the reactants and products when GAPDH runs in the direction of gluconeogenesis Glycolysis as a ten-step pathway from glucose to pyruvate is Favourable. Is gluconeogenesis favourable under standard conditions (ie. is the ΔGo’ for the pathway negative)? c. What is true about the thermodynamics of the regulated steps in glycolysis. Compare ΔG and ΔGo’ for those steps in both directions.arrow_forwardFor each of the following conditions, state whether this condition would be occurring during gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, or both in liver cells. a. Transporting malate from the cytosol into the mitochondria. _____________ b. Transporting pyruvate from the cytosol into the mitochondria. _____________ c. We would have an increased (or increasing) concentration of F26BP. __________ d. Increased concentration of F6P.__________ e. Hexokinase IV (or glucokinase) is found in the nucleus of the cell. __________ f. The enzyme that synthesizes/breaks down F26BP is phosphorylated. __________ g. Elevated levels of glucagon in the blood. ____________arrow_forward
- Describe the metabolic pathway by which glucose can be converted into fat. How can end-product inhibition by ATP favor this pathway?arrow_forwardOf the 36 molecules of ATP produced by the complete metabolism of glucose, how many are produced directly in glycolysis alone, that is, before the common pathway?arrow_forwardDEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS: a) Gluconeogenesis b) Glycolysis c) Citric Acid Cycle Please explain this in-detailed and longer, thank you.arrow_forward
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