From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified. Concept introduction: The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups: Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile. An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen. The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16.2, Problem 4P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

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Compare aldehydes and ketones as to (Use acetaldehyde and acetone as examples). 1. Reaction with Tollen’s reagent 2. Reaction with Fehling’s reagent 3. Reaction with dilute NaOH

Reactions of carbonyl compounds with hydride ion donors. a. Draw reaction of an aldehyde with sodium borohydride forms a primary alcohol. b. Draw reaction of a ketone with sodium borohydride forms a secondary alcohol.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16.2, Problem 4P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16.2, Problem 4P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16.2, Problem 4P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16.2, Problem 4P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

Answer 6

Chapter 16.2, Problem 4P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

Answer 7

Chapter 16.2, Problem 4P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

Answer 10

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 16.1 - Give two names for each of the following:Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 16.1 - Name the following:Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 16.4 - What products are formed when the following...Ch. 16.4 - We saw on the previous page that...Ch. 16.4 - a. How many stereoisomers are obtained from the...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 9P Ch. 16.4 - Write the mechanism for the reaction of acetyl...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 11P

Solution Summary: The author explains the relative reactivity of carbonyl groups, which is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon.

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