The explanation to why phosphonium ylide reacts with aldehyde or ketone to form an alkene but a sulfonium ylide forms an epoxide has to be given. Concept introduction: Ylides: Ylides are those compounds in which a negatively charged species such as carbanion is attached directly to a heteroatom like sulfur and phosphorous. Some examples of such compounds are phosphorus ylides, sulfonium ylides, carbonyl ylides and oxonium ylides.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The explanation to why phosphonium ylide reacts with aldehyde or ketone to form an alkene but a sulfonium ylide forms an epoxide has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Ylides:

Ylides are those compounds in which a negatively charged species such as carbanion is attached directly to a heteroatom like sulfur and phosphorous. Some examples of such compounds are phosphorus ylides, sulfonium ylides, carbonyl ylides and oxonium ylides.

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Unlike a phosphonium ylide that reacts with an aldehyde or a ketone to form an alkene, a sulfonium ylide reacts with an aldehyde or a ketone to form an epoxide. Explain why one ylide forms an alkene, whereas the other forms an epoxide.

nitriles can be obtained by the reaction of sodium cyanide with an alkyl halide. starting from hexyl bromide, hexyl cyanide is obtained. If this reaction is carried out in methanol, the reaction is completed after 20 hours of heating, whereas only 20 minutes are required if the reaction is carried out in dimethyl sulfoxide propose an explanation for the effect of the solvent on the observed reactivity, why could the time taken be longer

When bromomethane undergoes solvolysis in a solvent mixture composed of 90% water/10% acetone, the reaction rate is faster than when the same compound is solvolyzed in 80% water/20% acetone. Explain.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The explanation to why phosphonium ylide reacts with aldehyde or ketone to form an alkene but a sulfonium ylide forms an epoxide has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Ylides:

Ylides are those compounds in which a negatively charged species such as carbanion is attached directly to a heteroatom like sulfur and phosphorous. Some examples of such compounds are phosphorus ylides, sulfonium ylides, carbonyl ylides and oxonium ylides.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The explanation to why phosphonium ylide reacts with aldehyde or ketone to form an alkene but a sulfonium ylide forms an epoxide has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Ylides:

Ylides are those compounds in which a negatively charged species such as carbanion is attached directly to a heteroatom like sulfur and phosphorous. Some examples of such compounds are phosphorus ylides, sulfonium ylides, carbonyl ylides and oxonium ylides.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

Interpretation Introduction