
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Term evaporation should be defined.
Concept Introduction :
Evaporation is a change of substance into gas phase from the liquid phase.
(b)
Interpretation:
Term condensation should be defined.
Concept Introduction :
Condensation is a change of substance from gas phase to liquid phase.
(c)
Interpretation:
Term sublimation should be defined.
Concept Introduction :
Sublimation is a change of substance from solid phase to gas phase directly and without going through liquid phase.
(d)
Interpretation:
Term boiling should be defined.
Concept Introduction :
Boiling point is a temperature at which a liquid starts converting into gas.
(e)
Interpretation:
Term melting should be defined.
Concept Introduction :
Melting is the process of change of the phase of a substance from solid to liquid.
(f)
Interpretation:
Term enthalpy of vaporization should be defined.
Concept Introduction : Enthalpy is referred to as the amount of heat present in a particular
(g)
Interpretation:
Term enthalpy of fusion should be defined.
Concept Introduction : Enthalpy is referred to as the amount of heat present in a particular thermodynamic system.
(h)
Interpretation:
Term heating curve should be defined.
Concept Introduction :
Curve is a graphical representation that used to describe a particular process.

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Chapter 16 Solutions
Chemical Principles
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- 1. Consider these three reactions as the elementary steps in the mechanism for a chemical reaction. 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 Potential Energy (kJ) 600 400 200 0 -200- -400 -600- -800 (i) Cl₂ (g) + Pt(s) → 2Cl (g) + Pt(s) (ii) Cl (g)+ CO (g) + Pt (s) → CICO (g) + Pt (s) Ea = 1550 kJ Ea = 2240 kJ (iii) Cl (g) + CICO (g) → Cl₂CO (g) Ea = 2350 kJ AH=-950 kJ ΔΗ = 575 ΚΙ AH=-825 kJ a. Draw the potential energy diagram for the reaction. Label the data points for clarity. The potential energy of the reactants is 600 kJ Reaction Progress b. What is the overall chemical equation? c. What is the overall change in enthalpy for the above chemical reaction? d. What is the overall amount of activation energy for the above chemical reaction? e. Which reaction intermediate would be considered a catalyst (if any) and why? f. If you were to add 2700kJ of energy to the reaction (e.g. 2700 kl of heat or electricity), would you be able to make the reaction reverse itself (i.e. have…arrow_forwarddraw the enolate anion and the carbonyl that would be needed to make this product through an aldol addition reaction.arrow_forwardDraw the Michael Adduct and the final product of the Robinson annulation reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts.arrow_forward
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