(a)
Interpretation:
The chemical equation for the formation of acetate ion from its parent acid has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
The name of the
Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.
Carboxylate ions are named from the parent acid by replacing the suffix “-ic acid” with “-ate”.
(b)
Interpretation:
The chemical equation for the formation of citrate ion from its parent acid has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.
Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.
Carboxylate ions are named from the parent acid by replacing the suffix “-ic acid” with “-ate”.
(c)
Interpretation:
The chemical equation for the formation of ethanoate ion from its parent acid has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.
Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.
Carboxylate ions are named from the parent acid by replacing the suffix “-ic acid” with “-ate”.
(d)
Interpretation:
The chemical equation for the formation of 2-methylbutanoate ion from its parent acid has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.
Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.
Carboxylate ions are named from the parent acid by replacing the suffix “-ic acid” with “-ate”.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Seventh Edition
- Determine if the following salt is neutral, acidic or basic. If acidic or basic, write the appropriate equilibrium equation for the acid or base that exists when the salt is dissolved in aqueous solution. If neutral, simply write only NR. Be sure to include the proper phases for all species within the reaction LiNO3arrow_forwardAn unknown weak acid with a concentration of 0.410 M has a pH of 5.600. What is the Ka of the weak acid?arrow_forward(racemic) 19.84 Using your reaction roadmaps as a guide, show how to convert 2-oxepanone and ethanol into 1-cyclopentenecarbaldehyde. You must use 2-oxepanone as the source of all carbon atoms in the target molecule. Show all reagents and all molecules synthesized along the way. & + EtOH H 2-Oxepanone 1-Cyclopentenecarbaldehydearrow_forward
- R₂ R₁ R₁ a R Rg Nu R₂ Rg R₁ R R₁₂ R3 R R Nu enolate forming R₁ R B-Alkylated carbonyl species or amines Cyclic B-Ketoester R₁₁ HOB R R₁B R R₁₂ B-Hydroxy carbonyl R diester R2 R3 R₁ RB OR R₂ 0 aB-Unsaturated carbonyl NaOR Aldol HOR reaction 1) LDA 2) R-X 3) H₂O/H₂O ketone, aldehyde 1) 2°-amine 2) acid chloride 3) H₂O'/H₂O 0 O R₁ R₁ R R₁ R₁₂ Alkylated a-carbon R₁ H.C R₁ H.C Alkylated methyl ketone acetoacetic ester B-Ketoester ester R₁ HO R₂ R B-Dicarbonyl HO Alkylated carboxylic acid malonic ester Write the reagents required to bring about each reaction next to the arrows shown. Next, record any regiochemistry or stereochemistry considerations relevant to the reaction. You should also record any key aspects of the mechanism, such as forma- tion of an important intermediate, as a helpful reminder. You may want to keep track of all reactions that make carbon-carbon bonds, because these help you build large molecules from smaller fragments. This especially applies to the reactions in…arrow_forwardProvide the reasonable steps to achieve the following synthesis.arrow_forwardIdentify which compound is more acidic. Justify your choice.arrow_forward
- Provide the reasonable steps to achieve the following synthesis.arrow_forwardWhen anisole is treated with excess bromine, the reaction gives a product which shows two singlets in 1H NMR. Draw the product.arrow_forward(ii) Draw a reasonable mechanism for the following reaction: CI NaOH heat OH (hint: SNAr Reaction) :arrow_forward
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