Organic And Biological Chemistry
Organic And Biological Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305081079
Author: STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 15, Problem 15.73EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine whether oxaloacetate is associated with (1) transamination, (2) oxidative deamination, or (3) the urea cycle.

Concept introduction: Transamination reaction is a biochemical reaction that involves the transfer of an amino group. In transamination reaction exchange of an amino group from an α-aminoacid with a keto group of α-ketoacid. There occurs no net loss or gain of amino acid in transamination reaction.

A biochemical reaction in which an α-aminoacid is converted into α-ketoacid along with the release of an ammonium ion is known as oxidative deamination reaction.

A urea cycle is a cyclic biochemical pathway that involves the production of urea using ammonium ions and aspartate molecules as nitrogen sources. The reactants in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate are ammonium ion, water, and carbon dioxide.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 15.73EP

Oxaloacetate is associated with the transamination reaction.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of oxaloacetate is:

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 15, Problem 15.73EP , additional homework tip  1

Oxaloacetate contains both a carbonyl group and a carboxyl functional group. Oxaloacetate is a keto acid. It could function as a reactant in the transamination reaction. It reacts with an amino acid to produce aspartate.

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 15, Problem 15.73EP , additional homework tip  2

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine whether arginine is associated with (1) transamination, (2) oxidative deamination, or (3) the urea cycle.

Concept introduction: Transamination reaction is a biochemical reaction that involves the transfer of an amino group. In transamination reaction exchange of an amino group from an α-aminoacid with a keto group of α-ketoacid. There occurs no net loss or gain of amino acid in transamination reaction.

A biochemical reaction in which an α-aminoacid is converted into α-ketoacid along with the release of an ammonium ion is known as oxidative deamination reaction.

A urea cycle is a cyclic biochemical pathway that involves the production of urea using ammonium ions and aspartate molecules as nitrogen sources. The reactants in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate are ammonium ion, water, and carbon dioxide.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 15.73EP

Arginine is associated with the urea cycle.

Explanation of Solution

In step 3 of the urea cycle, catalyst argininosuccinate lyase catalyzes the cleavage of argininosuccinate into arginine and fumarate. Arginine formed step 3 reacts with water and undergo hydrolysis in step 4.

Hydrolysis of arginine produce urea and also regenerates the starting fuel ornithine.

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 15, Problem 15.73EP , additional homework tip  3

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine whether H2Ois associated with (1) transamination, (2) oxidative deamination, or (3) the urea cycle.

Concept introduction: Transamination reaction is a biochemical reaction that involves the transfer of an amino group. In transamination reaction exchange of an amino group from an α-aminoacid with a keto group of α-ketoacid. There occurs no net loss or gain of amino acid in transamination reaction.

A biochemical reaction in which an α-aminoacid is converted into α-ketoacid along with the release of an ammonium ion is known as oxidative deamination reaction.  A general oxidative deamination reaction is as follows:

α-amino acid+NAD++H2Oα-keto acid+NH4++NADH+H+

A urea cycle is a cyclic biochemical pathway that involves the production of urea using ammonium ions and aspartate molecules as nitrogen sources. The reactants in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate are ammonium ion, water, and carbon dioxide.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 15.73EP

WaterH2O is associated with the oxidative deamination reaction and the urea cycle.

Explanation of Solution

Water is one of the reactants in oxidative deamination reaction. For example, glutamate is an α-aminoacid it undergoes oxidative deamination reaction to give corresponding keto acid, an ammonium ion, NADH and H+. The reaction is as follows:

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 15, Problem 15.73EP , additional homework tip  4

Water is also associated with the urea cycle. Ammonium ion produced from oxidative deamination reaction, carbon dioxide, water, and two ATP molecules reacts to form carbamoyl phosphate. Carbamoyl phosphate is fuel for the urea cycle. The chemical reaction for the formation of carbamoyl phosphate is:

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 15, Problem 15.73EP , additional homework tip  5

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine whether ATP is associated with (1) transamination, (2) oxidative deamination, or (3) the urea cycle.

Concept introduction: Transamination reaction is a biochemical reaction that involves the transfer of an amino group. In transamination reaction exchange of an amino group from an α-aminoacid with a keto group of α-ketoacid. There occurs no net loss or gain of amino acid in transamination reaction.

A biochemical reaction in which an α-aminoacid is converted into α-ketoacid along with the release of an ammonium ion is known as oxidative deamination reaction.  A general oxidative deamination reaction is as follows:

α-amino acid+NAD++H2Oα-keto acid+NH4++NADH+H+

A urea cycle is a cyclic biochemical pathway that involves the production of urea using ammonium ions and aspartate molecules as nitrogen sources. The reactants in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate are ammonium ion, water, and carbon dioxide.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 15.73EP

ATP is associated with the urea cycle.

Explanation of Solution

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that is defined as the energy currency of life and provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells. It is converted either to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) or to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) after the consumption in the metabolic processes.

Step 2 of the urea cycle involves a condensation reaction of citrulline with aspartate to produce argininosuccinate. The reaction is carried out with the expenditure of ATP molecule.

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 15, Problem 15.73EP , additional homework tip  6

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Chapter 15 Solutions

Organic And Biological Chemistry

Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 4QQCh. 15.3 - Prob. 5QQCh. 15.3 - Prob. 6QQCh. 15.4 - Prob. 1QQCh. 15.4 - Prob. 2QQCh. 15.4 - Prob. 3QQCh. 15.4 - Prob. 4QQCh. 15.4 - Prob. 5QQCh. 15.4 - In the urea cycle, the urea-producing step...Ch. 15.5 - Which of the following statements concerning the...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 2QQCh. 15.5 - Which of the following statements concerning the...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 4QQCh. 15.6 - Prob. 1QQCh. 15.6 - Prob. 2QQCh. 15.6 - Prob. 3QQCh. 15.7 - Prob. 1QQCh. 15.7 - Prob. 2QQCh. 15.7 - In the degradation of heme, which of the following...Ch. 15.7 - In the degradation of heme, the iron atom present...Ch. 15.8 - In degradation of the sulfur-containing amino acid...Ch. 15.8 - Prob. 2QQCh. 15.8 - Prob. 3QQCh. 15.8 - Prob. 4QQCh. 15.9 - Prob. 1QQCh. 15.9 - Prob. 2QQCh. 15.9 - Prob. 3QQCh. 15.10 - Transamination reactions require the cofactor PLP...Ch. 15.10 - Prob. 2QQCh. 15.10 - Prob. 3QQCh. 15 - Prob. 15.1EPCh. 15 - Indicate whether each of the following aspects of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.3EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.4EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.5EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.6EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.7EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.8EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.9EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.10EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.11EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.12EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.13EPCh. 15 - Indicate whether each of the following statements...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.15EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.16EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.17EPCh. 15 - What are the four major uses for amino acids...Ch. 15 - With the help of Table 26-1, classify each of the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.20EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.21EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.22EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.23EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.24EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.25EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.26EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.27EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.28EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.29EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.30EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.31EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.32EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.33EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.34EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.35EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.36EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.37EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.38EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.39EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.40EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.41EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.42EPCh. 15 - Draw the structure of the -keto acid produced from...Ch. 15 - Draw the structure of the -keto acid produced from...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.45EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.46EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.47EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.48EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.49EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.50EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.51EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.52EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.53EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.54EPCh. 15 - What is a carbamoyl group?Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.56EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.57EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.58EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.59EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.60EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.61EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.62EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.63EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.64EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.65EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.66EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.67EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.68EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.69EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.70EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.71EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.72EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.73EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.74EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.75EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.76EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.77EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.78EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.79EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.80EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.81EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.82EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.83EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.84EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.85EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.86EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.87EPCh. 15 - What is the starting material for the biosynthesis...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.89EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.90EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.91EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.92EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.93EPCh. 15 - What are the structural differences between...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.95EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.96EPCh. 15 - Which bile pigment is responsible for the yellow...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.98EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.99EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.100EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.101EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.102EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.103EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.104EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.105EPCh. 15 - Indicate whether each of the following statements...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.107EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.108EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.109EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.110EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.111EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.112EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.113EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.114EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.115EPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.116EP
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