Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol. Concept Introduction: Simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons generally in a chain form with a carbonyl group present in the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom from the terminal. Monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group at the terminal carbon atom C1 are known as aldoses and the monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group on the adjacent carbon atom C2 are known as ketoses. Carbohydrates undergo reduction similar to an alkene . When an aldose is treated with hydrogen in presence of palladium as catalyst the carbonyl group present in the aldose is reduced resulting in formation of alditol . This is also known as “sugar alcohol”. Carbohydrates also undergo oxidation. Monosaccharides that are aldoses contains an aldehyde group. The carbonyl of the aldehyde undergoes oxidation very easily resulting in the formation of carboxyl group. The product formed is known as aldonic acid .

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 14, Problem 14.49AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons generally in a chain form with a carbonyl group present in the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom from the terminal. Monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group at the terminal carbon atom C1 are known as aldoses and the monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group on the adjacent carbon atom C2 are known as ketoses.

Carbohydrates undergo reduction similar to an alkene. When an aldose is treated with hydrogen in presence of palladium as catalyst the carbonyl group present in the aldose is reduced resulting in formation of alditol. This is also known as “sugar alcohol”.

Carbohydrates also undergo oxidation. Monosaccharides that are aldoses contains an aldehyde group. The carbonyl of the aldehyde undergoes oxidation very easily resulting in the formation of carboxyl group. The product formed is known as aldonic acid.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 14, Problem 14.49AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons generally in a chain form with a carbonyl group present in the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom from the terminal. Monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group at the terminal carbon atom C1 are known as aldoses and the monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group on the adjacent carbon atom C2 are known as ketoses.

Carbohydrates undergo reduction similar to an alkene. When an aldose is treated with hydrogen in presence of palladium as catalyst the carbonyl group present in the aldose is reduced resulting in formation of alditol. This is also known as “sugar alcohol”.

Carbohydrates also undergo oxidation. Monosaccharides that are aldoses contains an aldehyde group. The carbonyl of the aldehyde undergoes oxidation very easily resulting in the formation of carboxyl group. The product formed is known as aldonic acid.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 14, Problem 14.49AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons generally in a chain form with a carbonyl group present in the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom from the terminal. Monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group at the terminal carbon atom C1 are known as aldoses and the monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group on the adjacent carbon atom C2 are known as ketoses.

Carbohydrates undergo reduction similar to an alkene. When an aldose is treated with hydrogen in presence of palladium as catalyst the carbonyl group present in the aldose is reduced resulting in formation of alditol. This is also known as “sugar alcohol”.

Carbohydrates also undergo oxidation. Monosaccharides that are aldoses contains an aldehyde group. The carbonyl of the aldehyde undergoes oxidation very easily resulting in the formation of carboxyl group. The product formed is known as aldonic acid.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 14, Problem 14.49AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons generally in a chain form with a carbonyl group present in the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom from the terminal. Monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group at the terminal carbon atom C1 are known as aldoses and the monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group on the adjacent carbon atom C2 are known as ketoses.

Carbohydrates undergo reduction similar to an alkene. When an aldose is treated with hydrogen in presence of palladium as catalyst the carbonyl group present in the aldose is reduced resulting in formation of alditol. This is also known as “sugar alcohol”.

Carbohydrates also undergo oxidation. Monosaccharides that are aldoses contains an aldehyde group. The carbonyl of the aldehyde undergoes oxidation very easily resulting in the formation of carboxyl group. The product formed is known as aldonic acid.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 14.49AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons generally in a chain form with a carbonyl group present in the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom from the terminal. Monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group at the terminal carbon atom C1 are known as aldoses and the monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group on the adjacent carbon atom C2 are known as ketoses.

Carbohydrates undergo reduction similar to an alkene. When an aldose is treated with hydrogen in presence of palladium as catalyst the carbonyl group present in the aldose is reduced resulting in formation of alditol. This is also known as “sugar alcohol”.

Carbohydrates also undergo oxidation. Monosaccharides that are aldoses contains an aldehyde group. The carbonyl of the aldehyde undergoes oxidation very easily resulting in the formation of carboxyl group. The product formed is known as aldonic acid.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 14.49AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons generally in a chain form with a carbonyl group present in the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom from the terminal. Monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group at the terminal carbon atom C1 are known as aldoses and the monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group on the adjacent carbon atom C2 are known as ketoses.

Carbohydrates undergo reduction similar to an alkene. When an aldose is treated with hydrogen in presence of palladium as catalyst the carbonyl group present in the aldose is reduced resulting in formation of alditol. This is also known as “sugar alcohol”.

Carbohydrates also undergo oxidation. Monosaccharides that are aldoses contains an aldehyde group. The carbonyl of the aldehyde undergoes oxidation very easily resulting in the formation of carboxyl group. The product formed is known as aldonic acid.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 14.49AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons generally in a chain form with a carbonyl group present in the terminal or the adjacent carbon atom from the terminal. Monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group at the terminal carbon atom C1 are known as aldoses and the monosaccharides that have the carbonyl group on the adjacent carbon atom C2 are known as ketoses.

Carbohydrates undergo reduction similar to an alkene. When an aldose is treated with hydrogen in presence of palladium as catalyst the carbonyl group present in the aldose is reduced resulting in formation of alditol. This is also known as “sugar alcohol”.

Carbohydrates also undergo oxidation. Monosaccharides that are aldoses contains an aldehyde group. The carbonyl of the aldehyde undergoes oxidation very easily resulting in the formation of carboxyl group. The product formed is known as aldonic acid.

Answer 8

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.

Answer 9

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.

Answer 10

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.

Answer 11

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 14.1 - Draw a Lewis structure for glucose that clearly...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.2P Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.3P Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.4P Ch. 14.2 - Rank the following compounds in order of...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.6P Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.7P Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.8P Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.9P Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 14.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons in a chain form.

Concept explainers

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.

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Chapter 14 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharides. They contain three to six carbons in a chain form.

Concept explainers

Interpretation: Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol. Concept Introduction: Refer part “a.”.

Interpretation: Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol. Concept Introduction: Refer part “a.”.

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Chapter 14 Solutions

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.

Interpretation:

Given compound has to be labelled as a monosaccharide, an aldonic acid or alditol.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part “a.”.