Chapter 13, Problem 125AE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is ionic, polar covalent or non-polar covalent needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Electronegativity is the tendency of a bonded atom to attract the bonding electrons. A more electronegativity element attracts the bonding electrons from the less electronegative element.

If the bond atoms in covalent bond have same electronegativity, they form pure or non-polar covalent bond whereas the difference in electronegativity induces polarity in the bond and form polar covalent bond.

• If the electronegativity difference is 0.2-0.5 = Pure or non-polar covalent bond
• If the electronegativity difference is 0.5-1.6 = Polar covalent bond
• If the electronegativity difference is more than 1.6 = Ionic bond

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether ${\text{K}}_{\text{3}}\text{P}$ molecule is ionic, polar covalent or non-polar covalent needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Electronegativity is the tendency of a bonded atom to attract the bonding electrons. A more electronegativity element attracts the bonding electrons from the less electronegative element.

If the bond atoms in covalent bond have same electronegativity, they form pure or non-polar covalent bond whereas the difference in electronegativity induces polarity in the bond and form polar covalent bond.

• If the electronegativity difference is 0.2-0.5 = Pure or non-polar covalent bond
• If the electronegativity difference is 0.5-1.6 = Polar covalent bond
• If the electronegativity difference is more than 1.6 = Ionic bond

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether $\text{NaI}$ molecule is ionic, polar covalent or non-polar covalent needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Electronegativity is the tendency of a bonded atom to attract the bonding electrons. A more electronegativity element attracts the bonding electrons from the less electronegative element.

If the bond atoms in covalent bond have same electronegativity, they form pure or non-polar covalent bond whereas the difference in electronegativity induces polarity in the bond and form polar covalent bond.

• If the electronegativity difference is 0.2-0.5 = Pure or non-polar covalent bond
• If the electronegativity difference is 0.5-1.6 = Polar covalent bond
• If the electronegativity difference is more than 1.6 = Ionic bond

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether ${\text{SO}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is ionic, polar covalent or non-polar covalent needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Electronegativity is the tendency of a bonded atom to attract the bonding electrons. A more electronegativity element attracts the bonding electrons from the less electronegative element.

If the bond atoms in covalent bond have same electronegativity, they form pure or non-polar covalent bond whereas the difference in electronegativity induces polarity in the bond and form polar covalent bond.

• If the electronegativity difference is 0.2-0.5 = Pure or non-polar covalent bond
• If the electronegativity difference is 0.5-1.6 = Polar covalent bond
• If the electronegativity difference is more than 1.6 = Ionic bond

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether $\text{HF}$ molecule is ionic, polar covalent or non-polar covalent needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Electronegativity is the tendency of a bonded atom to attract the bonding electrons. A more electronegativity element attracts the bonding electrons from the less electronegative element.

If the bond atoms in covalent bond have same electronegativity, they form pure or non-polar covalent bond whereas the difference in electronegativity induces polarity in the bond and form polar covalent bond.

• If the electronegativity difference is 0.2-0.5 = Pure or non-polar covalent bond
• If the electronegativity difference is 0.5-1.6 = Polar covalent bond
• If the electronegativity difference is more than 1.6 = Ionic bond

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is ionic, polar covalent or non-polar covalent needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Electronegativity is the tendency of a bonded atom to attract the bonding electrons. A more electronegativity element attracts the bonding electrons from the less electronegative element.

If the bond atoms in covalent bond have same electronegativity, they form pure or non-polar covalent bond whereas the difference in electronegativity induces polarity in the bond and form polar covalent bond.

• If the electronegativity difference is 0.2-0.5 = Pure or non-polar covalent bond
• If the electronegativity difference is 0.5-1.6 = Polar covalent bond
• If the electronegativity difference is more than 1.6 = Ionic bond

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether ${\text{CF}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is ionic, polar covalent or non-polar covalent needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Electronegativity is the tendency of a bonded atom to attract the bonding electrons. A more electronegativity element attracts the bonding electrons from the less electronegative element.

If the bond atoms in covalent bond have same electronegativity, they form pure or non-polar covalent bond whereas the difference in electronegativity induces polarity in the bond and form polar covalent bond.

• If the electronegativity difference is 0.2-0.5 = Pure or non-polar covalent bond
• If the electronegativity difference is 0.5-1.6 = Polar covalent bond
• If the electronegativity difference is more than 1.6 = Ionic bond

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether ${\text{K}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}$ molecule is ionic, polar covalent or non-polar covalent needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Electronegativity is the tendency of a bonded atom to attract the bonding electrons. A more electronegativity element attracts the bonding electrons from the less electronegative element.

If the bond atoms in covalent bond have same electronegativity, they form pure or non-polar covalent bond whereas the difference in electronegativity induces polarity in the bond and form polar covalent bond.

• If the electronegativity difference is 0.2-0.5 = Pure or non-polar covalent bond
• If the electronegativity difference is 0.5-1.6 = Polar covalent bond
• If the electronegativity difference is more than 1.6 = Ionic bond