Chapter 13, Problem 11A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The concept of absolute zero have to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The absolute zero temperature is the lowest possible thermodynamic temperature when when the volume of a gas is considered as zero. The absolute zero temperature is 0 K or -273 °C.

Charles’s law: The volume of a given amount of gas is proportional to its temperature (in K) of the gas at constant pressure.

The relationship between volume of a gas and temperature is expressed as-

  $V\propto T$ When P is constant.

Answer to Problem 11A

The absolute zero temperature is the lowest possible thermodynamic temperature when when the volume of a gas is considered as zero. The absolute zero temperature is 0 K or -273 °C. The concept of absolute zero temperature can be derived from Charles’s law of an ideal gas. As Charles’s law states that the volume of a given amount of gas is proportional to its temperature (in Kelvin) of the gas at constant pressure. Volume of the gas decreases with decreasing the temperature. If the lines in volume vs. temperature in Kelvin graph extrapolate to zero volume at the absolute zero temperature.

Explanation of Solution

The absolute zero temperature is the lowest possible thermodynamic temperature when when the volume of a gas is considered as zero. The absolute zero temperature is 0 K or -273 °C. The concept of absolute zero temperature can be derived from Charles’s law of an ideal gas. As Charles’s law states that the volume of a given amount of gas is proportional to its temperature (in Kelvin) of the gas at constant pressure.

The relationship between volume of a gas and temperature is expressed as-

  $V\propto T$ When P is constant.

Volume of the gas decreases with decreasing the temperature. If the lines in volume vs. temperature in Kelvin graph extrapolate to zero volume at the absolute zero temperature.

If the lines in volume vs. temperature in Kelvin graph extrapolate to zero volume at the same temperature which is -273 °C. This temperature -273 °C is the lowest possible thermodynamic temperature when when the volume of a gas is zero. Therefore, this temperature is defined as absolute zero on the Kelvin scale which is derived from the Charles’s law.