Chapter 13, Problem 50A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given statement needs to be completed.

Concept Introduction: According to the kinetic molecular theory of gases, gases are composed of molecules and these molecules show movement continuously. They collide with each other and change their direction. Due to continuous movement, they possess some energy known as the kinetic energy of molecules. It is denoted by ‘K’.

Explanation of Solution

Kinetic molecular theory of gases postulate that −

1) Gases are composed of small particles called molecules.

2) These molecules show continuous movement.

3) When they collide with other molecules, they change their direction.

4) Due to continuous random motion, they possess some energy known as kinetic energy.

5) The average kinetic energy of the molecule is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (T) of the gaseous system.

On the basis of these assumptions, an equation has been declared. This is known as the kinetic gas equation.

The equation is

  $\mathrm{PV}=\frac{1}{3}mn{v}^2$

Where,

P = pressure exerted by the gas.

V = volume of gas.

m = mass of each molecule

n = total number of molecules

v = root mean square velocity.

Conclusion

Thus, temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.