Chapter 13, Problem 109A

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of iodine is to be written.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration shows number of electrons in various energy shells.

Answer to Problem 109A

Electronic configuration of iodine = $\left[Kr\right]4d^{10}5s^{2}5p^5$

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration is filled using Aufbau’s principle. It has given increasing order of energy level.

Subshell ‘s’ can have maximum 2 electrons

Subshell ‘p’ can have maximum 8 electrons Subshell ‘d’ can have maximum 10 electrons Subshell ‘f’ can have maximum 14 electrons

The increasing energy order of the energy level is given as:

$1s,2s,2p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s$

Electrons are filled in increasing energy order.

Atomic number of iodine = 53

Therefore,

Electronic configuration of iodine = $\left[Kr\right]4d^{10}5s^{2}5p^5$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of boron is to be written.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration shows number of electrons in various energy shells.

Answer to Problem 109A

Electronic configuration of Boron = $\left[He\right]2s^{2}2p^1$

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration is filled using Aufbau’s principle. It has given increasing order of energy level.

Subshell ‘s’ can have maximum 2 electrons

Subshell ‘p’ can have maximum 8 electrons Subshell ‘d’ can have maximum 10 electrons Subshell ‘f’ can have maximum 14 electrons

The increasing energy order of the energy level is given as:

$1s,2s,2p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s$

Electrons are filled in increasing energy order.

Atomic number of boron=5

Therefore,

Electronic configuration of Boron = $\left[He\right]2s^{2}2p^1$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of chromium is to be written.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration shows number of electrons in various energy shells.

Answer to Problem 109A

Electronic configuration of Chromium = $\left[Ar\right]3d^{5}4s^1$

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration is filled using Aufbau’s principle. It has given increasing order of energy level.

Subshell ‘s’ can have maximum 2 electrons

Subshell ‘p’ can have maximum 8 electrons Subshell ‘d’ can have maximum 10 electrons Subshell ‘f’ can have maximum 14 electrons

The increasing energy order of the energy level is given as:

$1s,2s,2p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s$

Electrons are filled in increasing energy order.

Chromium has exceptional configuration.

It should have configuration $\left[Ar\right]3d^{4}4s^2$ but it has $\left[Ar\right]3d^{5}4s^1$.

This happens because half filled configurations are more stable.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of krypton is to be written.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration shows number of electrons in various energy shells.

Answer to Problem 109A

Electronic configuration of Krypton = $\left[Ar\right]3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^6$

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration is filled using Aufbau’s principle. It has given increasing order of energy level.

Subshell ‘s’ can have maximum 2 electrons

Subshell ‘p’ can have maximum 8 electrons Subshell ‘d’ can have maximum 10 electrons Subshell ‘f’ can have maximum 14 electrons

The increasing energy order of the energy level is given as:

$1s,2s,2p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s$

Electrons are filled in increasing energy order.

Atomic number of krypton=36

Therefore,

Electronic configuration of Krypton = $\left[Ar\right]3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^6$

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of calcium is to be written.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration shows number of electrons in various energy shells.

Answer to Problem 109A

Electronic configuration of calcium = $\left[Ar\right]4s^2$

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration is filled using Aufbau’s principle. It has given increasing order of energy level.

Subshell ‘s’ can have maximum 2 electrons

Subshell ‘p’ can have maximum 8 electrons Subshell ‘d’ can have maximum 10 electrons Subshell ‘f’ can have maximum 14 electrons

The increasing energy order of the energy level is given as:

$1s,2s,2p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s$

Electrons are filled in increasing energy order.

Atomic number of calcium=20

Therefore,

Electronic configuration of calcium = $\left[Ar\right]4s^2$

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of cadmium is to be written.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration shows number of electrons in various energy shells.

Answer to Problem 109A

Electronic configuration of Cadmium = $\left[Kr\right]4d^{10}5s^2$

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration is filled using Aufbau’s principle. It has given increasing order of energy level.

Subshell ‘s’ can have maximum 2 electrons

Subshell ‘p’ can have maximum 8 electrons Subshell ‘d’ can have maximum 10 electrons Subshell ‘f’ can have maximum 14 electrons

The increasing energy order of the energy level is given as:

$1s,2s,2p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s$

Electrons are filled in increasing energy order.

Atomic number of cadmium=48

Therefore,

Electronic configuration of Cadmium = $\left[Kr\right]4d^{10}5s^2$