From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified. Concept introduction: The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups: Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile. An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen. The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 12.2, Problem 5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

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1, How many signals do you expect in the H NMR spectrum for this molecule? Write the answer below. Also, in each of the drawing areas below is a copy of the molecule, with Hs shown. In each copy, one of the H atoms is colored red. Highlight in red all other H atoms that would contribute to the same signal as the H already highlighted red. Note for advanced students: In this question, any multiplet is counted as one signal. Number of signals in the 'H NMR spectrum. For the molecule in the top drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box at right. No additional Hs to color in top molecule For the molecule in the bottom drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute. to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box at right. No additional Hs to color in bottom molecule Check…

Incorrect Row 2: Your answer is incorrect. Consider this molecule: How many H atoms are in this molecule? 22 How many different signals could be found in its 'H NMR spectrum? 12 Note: A multiplet is considered one signal.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 12.2, Problem 5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 12.2, Problem 5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 12.2, Problem 5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12.2, Problem 5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

Answer 6

Chapter 12.2, Problem 5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

Answer 7

Chapter 12.2, Problem 5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given pair, the more reactive ketone has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 12.1 - Name the following compounds:Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 3P Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 4P Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 5P Ch. 12.4 - Draw the structure for each of the following: a....Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 7P Ch. 12.5 - What products are formed when the following...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 9P Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the relative reactivity of carbonyl groups, which is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon.

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Chapter 12 Solutions