Chapter 12, Problem 42P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The products of the given reaction have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of imine:

An imine undergoes acid-catalyzed hydrolysis to form a carbonyl compound and a protonated amine as shown here:

  

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The products of the given reaction have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Grignard reaction with ketone:

Grignard regent reacts with ketone followed by acidic work up to form secondary or tertiary alcohol.

General scheme:

  

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The products of the given reaction have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

 $LiAl{H}_4$ - Lithium aluminium hydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces amides into amines as shown in the following general scheme:

  

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The products of the given reaction have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Imine formation:

Aldehyde or ketone reacts with a primary amine and forms imine in mildly acidic conditions.

Example for the formation of imine is shown here:

  

• Imines contain $C=N$ .
• Imines are also called as Schiff bases, named after Hugo Schiff who described their formation.