Chapter 12.1, Problem 4P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Numbers are not used to designate the position of the functional group in propanone and butanedione this has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry).IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.

Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.

Suffix- Denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule.  It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc.  To add suffix to name a compound, the suffix “-ane” in the parent alkane is replaced by the respective suffix, which corresponds to the functional group present in the given compound.  For carboxylic acid, suffix “-oic” will be added, for alcohol, suffix “-ol” will be added and so on

Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.

The functional group in the aldehydes and Ketones are carbonyl group.

The given compound is an aldehyde ($\text{CHO}$), the compound name end up with al. The name of the compound is given according to the number of carbon atom.

The given compound is an ketone ($\text{CO}$), the compound name end up with one. The name of the compound is given according to the number of carbon atom.