Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized. Concept Introduction: Hydride reduction using N a B H 4 : N a B H 4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent. It reduces aldehydes , ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols. General scheme:

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 12, Problem 39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

Dehydration of alcohol using concentrated acid:

Alcohols get converted into alkene by the treatment of concentrated acid such as sulfuric acid. In this reaction, the alcohol gets eliminated as water molecule and forms the alkene double bond.

General scheme:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

Conversion of alcohol into alkyl halide:

In this conversion, the alcohol gets converted into alkyl halide using hydrogen halide and with the elimination of a water molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Imine formation:

Aldehyde or ketone reacts with a primary amine and forms imine in mildly acidic conditions.

Example for the formation of imine is shown here:

Imines contain C=N .

Imines are also called as Schiff bases, named after Hugo Schiff who described their formation.

Reduction of imine:

Imine when undergoes hydrogenation reaction, it gets converted into amine.

Example

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Wittig reaction:

It is the conversion of a ketone or an aldehyde into alkene using the ylide of phosphorus.

General Scheme

Reduction of alkene:

Alkene when undergoes hydrogenation reaction, it gets converted into alkane.

Example

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1A H 2A Li Be Use the References to access important values if needed for this question. 8A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A He B C N O F Ne Na Mg 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B-1B 2B Al Si P 1B 2B Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe * Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf Ha ****** Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Analyze the following reaction by looking at the electron configurations given below each box. Put a number and a symbol in each box to show the number and kind of the corresponding atom or ion. Use the smallest integers possible. cation anion + + Shell 1: 2 Shell 2: 8 Shell 3: 1 Shell 1 : 2 Shell 2 : 6 Shell 1 : 2 Shell 2: 8 Shell 1: 2 Shell 2: 8

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 12, Problem 39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

Dehydration of alcohol using concentrated acid:

Alcohols get converted into alkene by the treatment of concentrated acid such as sulfuric acid. In this reaction, the alcohol gets eliminated as water molecule and forms the alkene double bond.

General scheme:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

Conversion of alcohol into alkyl halide:

In this conversion, the alcohol gets converted into alkyl halide using hydrogen halide and with the elimination of a water molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Imine formation:

Aldehyde or ketone reacts with a primary amine and forms imine in mildly acidic conditions.

Example for the formation of imine is shown here:

Imines contain C=N .

Imines are also called as Schiff bases, named after Hugo Schiff who described their formation.

Reduction of imine:

Imine when undergoes hydrogenation reaction, it gets converted into amine.

Example

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Wittig reaction:

It is the conversion of a ketone or an aldehyde into alkene using the ylide of phosphorus.

General Scheme

Reduction of alkene:

Alkene when undergoes hydrogenation reaction, it gets converted into alkane.

Example

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Answer 3

Question

100%

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 12, Problem 39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

Dehydration of alcohol using concentrated acid:

Alcohols get converted into alkene by the treatment of concentrated acid such as sulfuric acid. In this reaction, the alcohol gets eliminated as water molecule and forms the alkene double bond.

General scheme:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

Conversion of alcohol into alkyl halide:

In this conversion, the alcohol gets converted into alkyl halide using hydrogen halide and with the elimination of a water molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Imine formation:

Aldehyde or ketone reacts with a primary amine and forms imine in mildly acidic conditions.

Example for the formation of imine is shown here:

Imines contain C=N .

Imines are also called as Schiff bases, named after Hugo Schiff who described their formation.

Reduction of imine:

Imine when undergoes hydrogenation reaction, it gets converted into amine.

Example

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Wittig reaction:

It is the conversion of a ketone or an aldehyde into alkene using the ylide of phosphorus.

General Scheme

Reduction of alkene:

Alkene when undergoes hydrogenation reaction, it gets converted into alkane.

Example

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See solution

Answer 4

Question

100%

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 12, Problem 39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

Dehydration of alcohol using concentrated acid:

Alcohols get converted into alkene by the treatment of concentrated acid such as sulfuric acid. In this reaction, the alcohol gets eliminated as water molecule and forms the alkene double bond.

General scheme:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

Conversion of alcohol into alkyl halide:

In this conversion, the alcohol gets converted into alkyl halide using hydrogen halide and with the elimination of a water molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Imine formation:

Aldehyde or ketone reacts with a primary amine and forms imine in mildly acidic conditions.

Example for the formation of imine is shown here:

Imines contain C=N .

Imines are also called as Schiff bases, named after Hugo Schiff who described their formation.

Reduction of imine:

Imine when undergoes hydrogenation reaction, it gets converted into amine.

Example

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Wittig reaction:

It is the conversion of a ketone or an aldehyde into alkene using the ylide of phosphorus.

General Scheme

Reduction of alkene:

Alkene when undergoes hydrogenation reaction, it gets converted into alkane.

Example

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See solution

Answer 5

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Answer 6

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Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

Dehydration of alcohol using concentrated acid:

Alcohols get converted into alkene by the treatment of concentrated acid such as sulfuric acid. In this reaction, the alcohol gets eliminated as water molecule and forms the alkene double bond.

General scheme:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

Conversion of alcohol into alkyl halide:

In this conversion, the alcohol gets converted into alkyl halide using hydrogen halide and with the elimination of a water molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Imine formation:

Aldehyde or ketone reacts with a primary amine and forms imine in mildly acidic conditions.

Example for the formation of imine is shown here:

Imines contain C=N .

Imines are also called as Schiff bases, named after Hugo Schiff who described their formation.

Reduction of imine:

Imine when undergoes hydrogenation reaction, it gets converted into amine.

Example

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Wittig reaction:

It is the conversion of a ketone or an aldehyde into alkene using the ylide of phosphorus.

General Scheme

Reduction of alkene:

Alkene when undergoes hydrogenation reaction, it gets converted into alkane.

Example

Answer 8

Chapter 12, Problem 39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

Answer 9

Chapter 12, Problem 39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

Answer 10

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

Dehydration of alcohol using concentrated acid:

Alcohols get converted into alkene by the treatment of concentrated acid such as sulfuric acid. In this reaction, the alcohol gets eliminated as water molecule and forms the alkene double bond.

General scheme:

Answer 11

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

Dehydration of alcohol using concentrated acid:

Alcohols get converted into alkene by the treatment of concentrated acid such as sulfuric acid. In this reaction, the alcohol gets eliminated as water molecule and forms the alkene double bond.

General scheme:

Answer 12

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

Conversion of alcohol into alkyl halide:

In this conversion, the alcohol gets converted into alkyl halide using hydrogen halide and with the elimination of a water molecule.

Answer 13

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

Conversion of alcohol into alkyl halide:

In this conversion, the alcohol gets converted into alkyl halide using hydrogen halide and with the elimination of a water molecule.

Answer 14

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Imine formation:

Aldehyde or ketone reacts with a primary amine and forms imine in mildly acidic conditions.

Example for the formation of imine is shown here:

Imines contain C=N .

Imines are also called as Schiff bases, named after Hugo Schiff who described their formation.

Reduction of imine:

Imine when undergoes hydrogenation reaction, it gets converted into amine.

Example

Answer 15

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Imine formation:

Aldehyde or ketone reacts with a primary amine and forms imine in mildly acidic conditions.

Example for the formation of imine is shown here:

Imines contain C=N .

Imines are also called as Schiff bases, named after Hugo Schiff who described their formation.

Reduction of imine:

Imine when undergoes hydrogenation reaction, it gets converted into amine.

Example

Answer 16

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Wittig reaction:

It is the conversion of a ketone or an aldehyde into alkene using the ylide of phosphorus.

General Scheme

Reduction of alkene:

Alkene when undergoes hydrogenation reaction, it gets converted into alkane.

Example

Answer 17

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Wittig reaction:

It is the conversion of a ketone or an aldehyde into alkene using the ylide of phosphorus.

General Scheme

Reduction of alkene:

Alkene when undergoes hydrogenation reaction, it gets converted into alkane.

Example

Answer 18

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Answer 19

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Answer 20

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Answer 21

Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 12.1 - Name the following compounds:Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 3P Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 4P Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 5P Ch. 12.4 - Draw the structure for each of the following: a....Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 7P Ch. 12.5 - What products are formed when the following...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 9P Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 10P

Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized. Concept Introduction: Hydride reduction using N a B H 4 : N a B H 4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent. It reduces aldehydes , ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols. General scheme:

Solution Summary: The author explains how cyclohexanone can be synthesized by reducing aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids.

Concept explainers

Videos

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme:

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 12 Solutions

Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized. Concept Introduction: Hydride reduction using N a B H 4 : N a B H 4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent. It reduces aldehydes , ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols. General scheme:

Solution Summary: The author explains how cyclohexanone can be synthesized by reducing aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids.

Concept explainers

Videos

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized. Concept Introduction: Hydride reduction using NaBH4: NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent. It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols. General scheme:

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 12 Solutions

Interpretation: Using cyclohexanone as the starting material, the given compound has to be synthesized.

Concept Introduction:

Hydride reduction using NaBH4:

NaBH4 - Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent.

It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

General scheme: