Chapter 12, Problem 47A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular structure of given molecule is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

VSEPR theory helps to draw the molecular shape as:

Total number of valence electron pairs	Number of bond pairs	Number of lone pairs	Geometry and shape
2	2	0	linear
3	3	0	Trigonal planar
2	1	bent
4	4	0	Tetrahedral
3	1	Pyramidal
2	2	Bent

Answer to Problem 47A

The number of electron pairs around central atom=4

The molecular structure of $P{H}_3$ is pyramidal.

Explanation of Solution

Lewis structure of $P{H}_3$is:

  

It shows, there are 3 bond pairs and one lone pair around cental atom. Therefore, by VSEPR theory its shape is pyramidal.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular structure of given molecule is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

VSEPR theory helps to draw the molecular shape as:

Total number of valence electron pairs	Number of bond pairs	Number of lone pairs	Geometry and shape
2	2	0	linear
3	3	0	Trigonal planar
2	1	bent
4	4	0	Tetrahedral
3	1	Pyramidal
2	2	Bent

Answer to Problem 47A

The number of electron pairs around central atom=4

The molecular structure of $Cl{O}_4{}^{-}$ is tetrahedral.

Explanation of Solution

Lewis structure of $Cl{O}_4{}^{-}$is:

  

It shows, there are 4 bond pairs and no lone pairs around central atom. Therefore, by VSEPR theory its shape is tetrahedral.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular structure of given molecule is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

VSEPR theory helps to draw the molecular shape as:

Total number of valence electron pairs	Number of bond pairs	Number of lone pairs	Geometry and shape
2	2	0	linear
3	3	0	Trigonal planar
2	1	bent
4	4	0	Tetrahedral
3	1	Pyramidal
2	2	Bent

Answer to Problem 47A

The number of electron pairs around central atom=4

The molecular structure of $H_{2}O$ is bent.

Explanation of Solution

Lewis structure of $H_{2}O$is:

  

It shows, there are 2 bond pairs and 2 lone-pairs around central atom. Therefore, by VSEPR theory its shape is bent.