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Solar flux of
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- A plate-type solar energy collectorr with an absorbing surface covered by a glass is to receive an incident radiation of 800 W/m2. The glass plate has a reflectivity of 0.12 and a transmissivity of 0.80. The absorbing surface has an absorptivity of 0.90. The area of the collector is 5 m2. How much solar energy in watts is absorbed by the collector? ANSWER: 3060 WATTSarrow_forwardThe roof of an automobile can be thought of as a flat plate with insulated bottom surface. Solar radiation of 1000 W / m2 comes to the ceiling surface of this car in open air. The radiation spreading ratio of the surface is 0.8 and the absorption ratio is 0.7, and the heat transfer coefficient between the ceiling and the outdoor air is 12 W / m2K. Since the ceiling surface temperature is 45 ° C in continuous mode, what is the outdoor temperature?arrow_forwardA particular furnace is shaped like a section of a cone. The top surface of the furnace is uniformly heated by a resistance heater. During operation, the top surface is measured to be 800 K and the power supplied to the resistance heater is 1750 W/m². The sidewall of the furnace is perfectly insulated with & = 0.2. If the emissivity of the top and bottom surfaces are ε = 0.5 and ε = 0.7, respectively, determine the temperatures of the sidewall and the bottom surface of the furnace. A₁ A2 A3 →→D₂ = 20 mm D₁ = 40 mm L = 50 mmarrow_forward
- At midday when a black paved airport runway is directly under the Sun, it receives 800 W of solar power per square meter of surface from the Sun. If this hot surface loses energy only by radiation back into the atmosphere, what is its equilibrium temperature (in K)? You may use an emissivity of e = 1 for a black surfacearrow_forwardConsider a room whose door and windows are tightly closed, and whose walls are well-insulated so that heat loss or gain through the walls is negligible.arrow_forwardDetermine the net heat transferred by radiation from a 9-ft square hot plate to a cold plate of equal size that are parallel to one another, and 20 ft apart if the hot plate is oxidized steel at 700°F and the cold plate is dull brass at 175°F.Ans: 2,863 Btu/hrarrow_forward
- Determine the heat transfer that occurs by radiation between two surfaces that are co-axial and parallel to each other, full and semicircular. Assume that the surfaces only exchange radiation with each other. T1 = 700 °C; ɛ1 = 0.8; T2 = 20 °C; e2 = 0.4. фб ст (2) to 4 cm 6 8 cm (1 t.arrow_forwardA thermocouple shielded by a layer of aluminum foil and copper with an emissivity of 0.05 and 0.02 is used to measure the temperature of hot gases flowing in a duct whose walls are maintained at T= 380K. Assuming emissivity of the thermocouple junction is 0.7 and convection heat transfer coefficient to be h= 130 W/m2.C, determine the radiation heat transfer from thermocouple junction to duct wall.arrow_forwardA certain body at 20C is displayed on a top of a building during the night. The body sees nothing but the sky which has an effective temperature of 110K. Determine the heat transfer rate from the body to the sky if the body temperature is maintained at 23C, the surface emissivity of the body is equal to 0.92, and none of the radiation going out of the comes backarrow_forward
- Explain the following terms related to the radiation mode of heat transfer: Black body, emissive power, monochromatic emissive power, gray body, white body and opaque body.arrow_forwardThe interior surface of a 25 cm thick wall has a temperature of 27 \deg C as shown in the figure. The outer surface is exposed to a solar radiation of 150 W/m^2 and exchanges heat by radiation and convection with the surroundings and the air that are at the same temperature of 40 \deg C. The coefficient of heat transfer by convection is 8 W/m^2* K, consider both the absorptivity (\alpha ) and emissivity (\epsi equal to 0.8. Assuming transfer of 1D heat and at steady state, determine the surface temperature outside and the heat flow by conduction in the wall in three conditions different: a) If the wall is made of brick (k=0.72 W/m*K) b) If the wall is made of wood (k=0.17 W/m*K) c) If the wall is made of rigid foam (polyurethane) (k=0.026 W/m*KMake a diagram of the corresponding thermal resistance circuit and a diagram of the variation of temperatures from the interior wall to the air abroad.arrow_forwardA flat-plate collector with one glass cover is placed in horizontal. The absorber plate temperature is 95 oC and its emittance is 0,12. The glass cover temperature is 45 oC, and the (glass) cover has an emittance of 0.85. The plate-cover spacing is 15 mm. The ambient and surrounding temperature are equal at 25 oC. The wind velocity is 20 km/hour. If solar radiation is 850 W/m2 , and the plate absorptivity is 95%, calculate over all heat transfer coefficient losses and the useful energy (W/m2 ). ----- sarrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning