Chapter 11, Problem 11.117CHP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The total molality of all ions present in seawater has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molality of a solution also called as molal concentration can be defined as the mass of solute in grams to the mass of the solvent in kilograms.  It can be given by the equation,

$\text{Molality}\text{(mol}{\text{kg}}^{\text{-1}}\text{)}\text{=}\frac{\text{Mass}\text{of}\text{solute}\text{(in}\text{g)}}{\text{Mass}\text{of}\text{solvent}\text{(in}\text{kg)}}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amount of osmotic pressure in atmosphere present in seawater has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Osmotic pressure

The additional pressure that has to be given to solution in order to stop osmosis is called as osmotic pressure. Osmosis is the run of solvent into a solution by means of semipermeable membrane.

Osmotic pressure can be calculated by the equation,

$\Pi \text{=}\text{MRT}$

$\begin{array}{l}\Pi \text{=Osmotic}\text{pressure}\\ \text{M=}\text{Molarity}\text{of}\text{solution}\\ \text{R=Gas}\text{law}\text{constant}\\ \text{T=Temperature}\end{array}$