Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:The term lipophilic should be defined.
Concept introduction: The solubility phenomenon is determined by the nature of the solute-solvent and the interaction.
The principle of “like dissolves like” is applicable that suggests that ionic or polar solutes are soluble in a polar solvent such as water, while the non-polar substances that have bulky alkyl chains attached to them cannot dissolve in water. This is because the ionic or polar solutes have charged ends that can interact by the electrostatic force of attraction by the charged ends of similar polar molecules. However, the absence of any charged ends in covalent or non-polar solutes does not allow any interionic interaction and hence they remain insoluble in water. On the other hand,the substance can readily dissolve in non-polar solvents such as hexane because of the similar nature of solute-solvent interaction.
(b)
Interpretation: The term hydrophobic should be defined.
Concept introduction: The solubility phenomenon is determined by the nature of the solute-solvent and the interaction.
The principle of “like dissolves like” is applicable that suggests that ionic or polar solutes are soluble in a polar solvent such as water, while the non-polar substances that have bulky alkyl chains attached to them cannot dissolve in water. This is because the ionic or polar solutes have charged ends that can interact by the electrostatic force of attraction by the charged ends of similar polar molecules. However, the absence of any charged ends in covalent or non-polar solutes does not allow any interionic interaction and hence they remain insoluble in water. On the other hand, non-polar substance can readily dissolve in non-polar solvents such as hexane because of the similar nature of solute-solvent interaction.
(c)
Interpretation: The term hydrophilic should be defined.
Concept introduction: The solubility phenomenon is determined by the nature of the solute-solvent and the interaction.
The principle of “like dissolves like” is applicable that suggests that ionic or polar solutes are soluble in a polar solvent such as water, while the non-polar substances that have bulky alkyl chains attached to them cannot dissolve in water. This is because the ionic or polar solutes have charged ends that can interact by the electrostatic force of attraction by the charged ends of similar polar molecules. However, the absence of any charged ends in covalent or non-polar solutes does not allow any interionic interaction and hence they remain insoluble in water. On the other hand theses, the substance can readily dissolve in non-polar solvents such as hexane because of the similar nature of solute-solvent interaction.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
EBK EXPERIMENTAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: A M
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