Interpretation: The molar equivalents of
Concept introduction: Hydroboration-oxidation involves a sequence of two reactions. The hydroboration stage involves the treatment of alkene with diborane that generates alkyl borane. In second stage hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium is used to oxidize the alkyl borane produced in step 1 that leads to the synthesis of alcohols from
Anti-Markovnikov’s Rule serves as the basis ofhydroboration. It states that the negative part of reagent must go to the carbon that has fewer alkyl substituents or more
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EBK EXPERIMENTAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: A M
- You are studying a reaction wherein compound X is dehydrogenated to yield compound Y, and in the absence of a catalyst you have determined that the delta Go under standard conditions of pH 7 and 37o (RT = 0.59 kcal/mole) has a value of +1.2 kcal/mole. If you start with 150,000 molecules of X, how much, if any, Y will be generated when you reach equilibrium? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardSodium borohydride (NABH4) is said to be a chemoselective reducing agent. Which of the following best describes what this term means? O 1 A reaction that operates exclusively on one functional group in the presence of other functional groups. A reaction that operates on one functional group at a time and is shut down 2) when other functional groups are present. O 3) A reaction that does not operate at all in the presence of a functional group. OA reaction that operates on multiple functional groups in the presence of 4) multiple functional groups.arrow_forwardGive the chemical mechanisims for these organic reactions oid ง KOH, H₂NNH h. hu Brarrow_forward
- 8. You are asked to mix 2 solutions together as shown below and boil the mixed solutions for 30 minutes. Give the name of the following reaction: Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (common name: methyl salicylate) + strong base (6M NaOH) LOCH3 HO OA Esterification O B. Acid Base (neutralization) reaction OC Acid hydrolysis O D. Base hydrolysisarrow_forward(b) Predict the suitable solvent (H2O or CH3COCH3) to increase the reaction of bromopropane (CH3CH2CH2B1) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Two reactions are shown below: NaOH, 55 °C CH;CH,CH,Br CH;CH,CH,OH + NaBr H,O (i) NaOH, 55 °C CH;CH,CH,Br CH;CH,CH,OH NaBr H,C CH (ii)arrow_forwardWhen reducing 4-nitrobenzaldehyde to 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, the reducing agent of choice is LIAIH4 (lithium aluminum hydride) because it reduces the nitro group to an amine. O 1) True O 2) Falsearrow_forward
- 4. Treatment of ketone 1 with bromomethyl benzene (PhCH2Br) and a base results in the formation of two different products, A and B, depending on the identity of the base. When lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) is used, product A is formed. When sodium ethoxide (NaOEt) is used, product B is formed. The reaction coordinate diagram for the two reactions is shown below. Ph A 1. Ne Li° CH3 2. Ph NaOH H₂O LDA 1. NaOEt EtOH CH3 2. Ph Br Br B int.B G° AGA int.A AGB Br OH H&C OH B cat. H₂SO A Reaction Coordinate Ph OH Which of the two products is the thermodynamic product for the reaction? Which is the kinetic a. product? heat CHO₂ b. Formation of product B is fairly temperature dependent. Would elevated temperatures or lowered temperatures be expected to promote formation of this product? C. Draw int. A and int. B and rationalize their differences in stability. (hint: this reaction proceeds through a mechanism that is quite similar to the reaction of carbonyl compounds with Br2 in basic…arrow_forwardSuggest reagents and reaction conditions for step 1arrow_forwardPlease ignore the pen marks please on paper show step by step how to solve it correctlyarrow_forward
- Draw a diagram similar to that in figure 6 detailing the separation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene, phenol (pka = 10), and pyridine by an extraction protocol. OH aa CI 1,2-dichlorobenzene phenol ·N·. pyridinearrow_forwardS + Ozle) → SO26) 2 SO2e) + 02 ) → 2 SO31@) SO3e) + H2SO4laq) → H;S;O7(aq) H;S;O7(a) + H2O) → 2 H;SO(aq) (a) What is the oxidation number of S on the products of the first and second equations above? (b) What is being reduced in the second equation? (c) H2S,0, is known as oleum. What is the oxidation state of sulphur in this compound? (d) Is the fourth equation a redox equation? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardSome alcohols undergo rearrangement or other unwanted side reactions when they dehydrate in acid. Alcohols may be dehydrated under mildly basic conditions using phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) in pyridine. The alcohol reacts with phosphorus oxychloride much like it reacts with tosyl chloride, displacing a chloride ion from phosphorus to give an alkyl dichlorophosphate ester. The dichlorophosphate group is an outstanding leaving group. Pyridine reacts as a base with the dichlorophosphate ester to give an E2 elimination. Propose a mechanism for the dehydration of cyclohexanol by POCl3 in pyridine.arrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning